Symbolic Difference: This step really starts down the path of including individuals not commonly associated with the existing group. At this point, not only are diverse people allowed in the organization, but they are starting to become an active part of the organization. These initial leaders, or "pioneers-, have a very difficult and important role in leading a change towards an inclusive environment. They must succeed in their roles or the organization will not see the value of including and embracing the differences these people can bring to the table.
In addition to their own merits, these pioneers will not be able to succeed without considerable support from at least one person already accepted by the organization. They need an insider to champion their cause. These pioneers need a support structure to help them become included in the organization, but more importantly accepted. They also need this support to show them the ropes so that they can understand all of the dynamics and norms involved within this group. An example of this was when Jackie Robinson was the first African-American player to play in the major leagues. If he and his cause were not supported by Branch Ricky and the rest of the Dodgers' management staff, he could never have been as successful as he was.
Critical Mass: Once enough of these pioneers have been incorporated into the organization and the company begins to see the value of a diverse workforce, the culture as a whole reaches a critical decision point as to whether it wants to continue towards an inclusive environment, or maintain its roots as a company which utilizes the skills and abilities of those that are generally cut from the same cloth.
The direction that the company and the culture follow is directly determined from the guidance of upper management. Change starts at the top and these leaders need to show and lead the organization towards whichever goals they want to accomplish.