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apartheid

 


             certain jobs were classified as for whites only.
             In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South.
             Africans be racially classified into one of four categories: white, black.
             (African), Asian, or Coloured (of mixed descent). Classification into these.
             categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent. For.
             example, a white person was defined as "in appearance obviously a white.
             person or generally accepted as a white person."" A person could not be.
             considered white if one of his or her parents were non-white. The determination.
             that a person was "obviously white- would take into account "his habits,.
             education, and speech and deportment and demeanor."" The Department of.
             Home Affairs (a government bureau) was responsible for the classification of.
             the citizenry. Non-compliance with the race laws was dealt with harshly. All.
             blacks were required to carry "pass books- containing fingerprints, photo,.
             and information on access to non-black areas.
             In 1951, the Bantu Authorities Act established a basis for ethnic government.
             in African reserves, known as "homelands."" These homelands were.
             independent states to which each African was assigned by the government.
             according to the record of his/her origin (which was frequently inaccurate).
             All political rights, including voting, held by an African were restricted to.
             the designated homeland. The idea was that black Africans would be citizens.
             of their homeland, losing their citizenship in South Africa and any right of.
             involvement with the South African Parliament, which held complete.
             hegemony over the homelands.
             From 1976 to 1981, four of these homelands were created, denationalizing.
             nine million South Africans. The homeland administrations refused the.
             nominal independence, maintaining pressure for political rights within the.
             country as a whole. Nevertheless, Africans living in the homelands needed.
             passports to enter South Africa; they were aliens in their own country.


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