Scientific Management

It is clear that at this time workers still had some control over their jobs by dictating when they were going to work.
             It was only when Taylor developed his Scientific Management theories that strict rigorous strategies were implemented into the work force.
             Industry was growing with a wealth of new machinery and plant. More factories were being developed to cope with the rapid growth of industry.
             (Midwinter, 1994) It was at Midvale Steel factory that Taylor invented his ideas. Taylor realised that there was a growing need for a system. Taylor realised that it was necessary to organise these elements into more profitable organisations. This was the basis for his ideas. He could see the workers, as only being there for the weekly wage. He believed that most workers would input the minimum effort into their daily work. He saw they had no reason to rush as it made no difference if they worked fast or slow as their pay packets would remain the same. He described the way in which workers would take it easy as "soldiering". Natural soldiering was mans tendency to take things easy, and systematic soldiering was the "deliberate and organised restriction of the work-rate by employees." .
             Taylor saw the reason for soldiering was if the workers finished their work too quickly they would be left without a job and may be made redundant. The employees believed that if they worked slower they could earn more on a piece rate system. He saw that workers had no reason, or any incentives to make them work harder. (Cole, 1996).
             As far back as the middle ages the higher classes are known to of resisted physical labour. Zuboff argues that they saw labour associated with slavery and a punishment for their sins To Karl Marx, "in Capitalist societies all companies needed to be profitable," the profit would then be invested back into the company for continued growth and profitability. .
             Max Weber, who introduced Bureaucracy, observes why people obeyed those in authority; a rational form of observation which involved authority, behaviour and relationships.