Abstract: The objective of this experiment is to successfully perform a dehydration of a 2-butanol and a dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane to form the products 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene. It was found that a dehydration of 2-butanol yielded 4.6% 1-butene, 67.3% trans-2-butene, and 28.1% cis-2-butene, and a dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane yielded 19.1% 1-butene, 69.9% trans-2-butene, and 11.0% cis-2-butene. .
Backround: .
Gas Chromatography separates organic samples much in the same way as column chromatography. The only differences are that it uses a moving gas phase and a stationary liquid phase, and that the temperature of the gas system can be controlled. In a gas chromatograph the sample is shot in with a syringe and is immediately vaporized in a heated injection chamber. It is then introduced to a moving stream of gas called the carrier gas which sweeps the vaporized sample into a column filled with particles filled with liquid adsorbent. This column is usually filled with liquid that has a low vapor pressure and high boiling and is called the stationary phase. This phase is also usually coated onto a support material very evenly and packed into a tubing apparatus as evenly as possible and placed in the temperature controlled oven. When organic solutions are passed through the tubing van der Waals forces attract the nonpolar molecules especially if they have large molecular weights. Polar molecules can be attracted in many ways. Interactions include salt formation, coordination, hydrogen bonding, and even dipole-dipole. Through these interactions the molecules in the vaporized sample will separate accordingly. Finally at the end where the gases come out is a detector which generates a signal that is recorded on a strip chart recorder.
Elimination reactions are reactions that split a single reactant into two products. Elimination reactions can then be categorized as either an E1 ( first order) or E2 (second order) reaction.