The scientist-practitioner model continues to and is essential for the ever changing discipline of psychology. Education and training in the scientist-practitioner model provide the student broad exposure to the knowledge base in psychology and related fields that form the foundation of the discipline. The importance and need of empirically validated treatments and techniques is great and should be included in training in order for student to meet the current standards of the society. However, it has limitations, therefore a plain focus on empirically supported treatments seems inappropriate.
Although a series of well-designed studies might establish the efficacy of an intervention, unless it is effective in real-life clinical settings, it will not be useful.
It will therefore in this paper be argued against the proposition that `in the light of recent developments in empirically supported treatments, all training for students should only be based around techniques and treatments that are evidence based`. .
Efficacy and effectiveness research have attracted increasing attention in recent years. A question often asked is "does the treatment work in practice?" This is referred to as the effectiveness questions (e.g. Weiss, Donenberg, Han, & Weiss, 1995). A Guide to Treatments That Work (Nathan & Gorman, 1998) is a book written as an effort to resolve the controversy over what treatments could be practiced with reasonable assurance of scientific evidence of efficacy. Although the editors of this book defined how much faith and emphasis should be given to individual studies on the basis of the rigor of their methodology, they did not define a specific criteria by which to determine if a treatment was or was not effective. Efficacy outcome assessment is found to be high on internal validity, however low on external validity (Nathan, Stuart & Dolan, 2000). It is therefore a need to question the results of efficacy studies when applying them to clinical setting.
Before going into exactly how these companies make profits, it is useful to look at an interesting analogy between software development and road construction made by Stallman (1992). ... Should this become an established practice, it would further increase a programmer's motivation (Lerner and Tirole, 2000). ...
As it stands today, world government can be compared to communism - both can be viewed as ideals of a perfect society, but neither has proven to work effectively in practice. ... Winston Churchill himself said it best: "The stone age may return on the gleaming wings of science, and what might now shower immeasurable blessings upon mankind may even bring about its total destruction. ... Military spending in the Third World doubled between 1974 and 1984."" ...
Coupled with this, there has been a huge upsurge in a variety of animistic and superstitious practices which are used to ward off demons from an particular geographical area or life-situation. ... Now, in the closing stages of the twentieth century after the birth of Christ, thanks to the crusading zeal of the Charismatic-Pentecostal Movement, Roman Catholicism and syncretistic liberalism, these shamanistic, occult practices are being advocated by churches professing the name of Christ. Through the gradual eradication of sound doctrine from the pulpits of the land, a majority of professing Chr...
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