No one in other majors will be more sensitive than us about the relationship between language and culture since we are English majors. The exact nature of the relationship between language and culture has fascinated, and continues to fascinate, people from a wide variety of backgrounds. That there should be some kind of relationship between the sounds, words, any syntax of a language and the ways in which speakers of that language experience the world and behave in it seems so obvious as to be a truism. It would appear that the only problems deciding the nature of the relationship and finding suitable ways to demonstrate it. But, as we will see, what is "obvious" need not necessary be "true": the sun does not rotate around the earth, nor is the earth at the center of the universe! When we do try to specify any such relationship, we run into problems that are no less formidable than those just mentioned: we may be misled by the "obvious".
Any discussion of the relationship between language and culture, or of the various functions of the language in the culture, should begin with some attempt to define each of these terms.
Our Knowledge of Language .
We may attempt a comprehensive definition of language: a language is what the members of a particular society speak. However, as we shall see, speech in almost any society can take many very different forms, and just what forms we should choose to discuss when we attempt to describe the language of a society may prove to be a contentious matter. Sometimes a society may be complex; that is, many speakers may use more than one language, however we define language. We should also note that our definitions of language and culture are not independent: the definition of language includes in it a reference to culture. .
When two or more people communicate with each other in speech, we can call the system of communication that they employ a code. In most cases that code will be something we may want to call a language.