So three different groups of acyclic hydrocarbons exist: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Æ'o Alkanes v/s only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2 (where n is the number of carbons in the chain).
o Alkane nomenclature-.
A prefix stem is used to denote the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain and add the suffix v/s ane to the end.
# of carbons Stem.
1 meth-.
2 eth-.
3 prop-.
4 but-.
5 pent-.
6 hex-.
7 hept-.
8 oct-.
9 non-.
10 dec-.
Æ'o Alkenes- hydrocarbons where there is at least ine double covalent bond between the carbon atoms. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n.
o Alkene nomenclature-.
Indicate where the double bond occurs by numbering the carbon chain starting with end closest to the double bond. Then use the prefix stem to indicate the number of carbons in the chain and add the suffix v/s ene to the end.
Ex.
H H H H.
| | | |.
H v/s C ===C --- C --- C v/s H.
| | | |.
H H H H is named 1-butene.
H H H H.
| | | |.
H v/s C -----C == C --- C v/s H.
| | | |.
H H H H is named 2-butene.
For chains that contain two double bonds, list the location of the two double bonds and use the suffix v/s diene at the end.
Æ'o Alkynes v/s hydrocarbons in which there is at least one triple covalent bond between the carbon atoms. The general formula for alkynes if CnH2n-2.
o Alkyne nomenclature - Indicate where the triple bond occurs by numbering the carbon chain starting with the end closest to the triple bond. Then use the prefix stem to indicate the number of carbons in the chain and add the suffix v/s yne to the end.
Branched Hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons can also be formed by attaching hydrocarbon groups onto a hydrocarbon chain. These are called branched hydrocarbons.
Æ'o Alkanes v/s .
Look for the longest continuous chain and count the number of carbons to determine the stem name for the compounds. .
Look for any groups other hydrogen that may appear in the molecule.