The history of racism and politics in the United States is one that involves far more than just discrimination. It is a history of congressional authority, judicial power, and the extent of states' rights. The Supreme Court stands at the heart of the debate. The decisions that they make set the racial precedent for the entire country, and for a while, the precedent that they set did not correct past injustices brought upon the black population. Even though the 15th amendment right to vote was supposed to give blacks more rights that average white citizens enjoyed, the South continued their practice of racial discrimination. Along with the issue of voting rights, racial gerrymandering, defined as the deliberate re-drawing of district boundaries for racial purposes, was a huge issue dealt with by the Supreme Court. Racial gerrymandering exists where race, instead of other redistricting principles, is the legislature's main reason in drawing its district lines.
Racial gerrymandering was first used as a way to avoid implementing the Fifteenth Amendment and therefore continue racial discrimination in the South after the Civil War. In 1876 the Supreme Court made a decision that was a major setback to the citizenship rights of African Americans. In U.S. v. Reese the Court held that the 15th amendment did not guarantee any person the right to vote and that states had the sole power to give voting rights to individuals. .
Voting rights and racial discrimination was also looked at in Grovey v. Townsend (1935), where the Court upheld a resolution adopted by the Texas Democratic Party at its state convention that restricted membership and participation in the party to white citizens of Texas. Based on this resolution, the black plaintiff was denied a ballot in the primary election. The Supreme Court held that the denial of the right to vote in a primary, versus a general election, was merely refusal of party membership and did not violate the Constitution since their was no state action involved.
Lord of the Flies: Symbol Scrutiny "Near to Ralph's elbow a palm sapling leaned out over the lagoon He tore out the stem and began to poke about in the water The shell was deep cream touched here and there with pink Ralph grasped the idea and hit the shell with air from his diaphragm. ...
Likewise, The Court uses three separate tests "the rational basis test, the strict scrutiny test, and the heightened scrutiny test "to determine whether a classification is constitutional or not. ... Secondly, the strict scrutiny test is a more thorough means of the Court in applying its power of judicial review. ... Lastly, the heightened (or intermediate) standard of scrutiny is a more thorough analysis than rational scrutiny but less so than strict scrutiny. ... Under such scrutiny, the government's objective must not merely rely upon the argument that a law compromises a...
Dead Poets Society Everyone lives in a controlled society of one sort or another whether it's obvious or not. Laws, peer pressure, expectations of the general public and public scrutiny are some of the things that provide control within the subsets of society. It is only by understanding wh...
BUSINESSES It is known that commercial life is full of risk. Co-operation of people or small businesses constitutes big companies and businesses. Owning a business has lots of advantages and disadvantages. We can classify businesses in five basic categories. First of all, the easiest way to set up a...
The sense of surveillance, interrogation and scrutiny, is also highly intensified by symbolic elements and images of harrowing, jet black hollows that serve as recurring motifs in Psycho. ... In this sequence, the voyeuristic play of the camera works on two different levels, the audience is able to gain double scrutiny of the same event. ... The audience, who has followed and experienced Marion's previous escapades with her, is subjected to the policeman's scrutiny as well: they share her guilt. ... Her scrutiny is being felt by Bates internally, rendering it as an inner surveillanc...
It is unfortunate that young people in Australian society are most often under scrutiny for violence, crimes, and drugs rather than for their positive contributions to society. ... Young people who may be in the process of forming their identities and interests in subcultural groups in Australian society are most often under scrutiny for violence, crimes, and drugs rather than for their positive contributions to society. ...
The purpose of these laws is to protect rape victims from public scrutiny, however, there are unintended consequences of rape shiled laws. ... Americans are afforded the liberty of being innocent until proven guilty, so it is unfair that people who have been accused of rape are open to public scrutiny while their accusers remain anonymous. ...
"The scrutiny that will come on his ideological and fiscal policies and social policies will be magnified greatly because of the short time period" (Hunt). ... I don't think anybody can stand up to that scrutiny without laying the groundwork for a long time before," he said. "His positions, whatever he's done as a prosecutor, any case he's never tried, any opinion he's ever gotten out of a judge, everything - it's all going to go under scrutiny that we've seen time after time is enormously more difficult to deal with as a presidential candidate" (Hunt). ...
Having this influence allows the pm to have and easy ride because during many processes of scrutiny the pm will enjoy the comfort ability of not being embarrassed. Poor resources for methods of scrutiny are a reason why the executive dominates parliament. ...