In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne sets a gloomy and dark mood. The descriptions of the peoples clothing " in sad colored garments and gray, steeple-crowned hats- , the "rust on the ponderous ironwork-, and the ugliness of the large building ("[an] ugly edifice") with its "unsightly vegetation" (45) all attribute to the dark and gloomy tone, from which it can be inferred that such gloom will be present throughout much of the novel. .
Hawthorne uses much imagery and wording to convey the gloomy tone of the novel. .
His descriptions of the peoples clothing being sad colored, their hats being gray, the "weather stains and other indications of age- and rust on the "oaken door" (45), and the overgrowth of vegetation surrounding the jail all create images in the reader's mind of the tone and mood of the novel. .
The term juxtapose can be best defined as to place one on top of another. In the opening chapter of The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne juxtaposes the image of a prison against the image of a rosebush.
The weathered prison described with its "gloomy front," which "seemed never to have known a youthful era," an "ugly edifice" delimited by "unsightly vegetation" (45) contrasts the rosebush described as "wild" with "delicate gems" and a "fragrance and fragile beauty" (45). From this it can be inferred that the rose symbolizes the prisoner who is fragile, youthful and beautiful, yet in some way like Anne Hutchinson acted upon her own beliefs rather the ones held by the community. Then it is left that the prison represents the Puritans, and through the prison it is revealed that they are an ugly, gloomy, and aged people. This is further supported by the fact that they build prisons and cemeteries which contrasts their thought that they feel their society is a model of human ideals, virtue, and happiness. In associating the Puritans with gloom and sadness, and the prison with the beauty and fragility of a rose, the reader can almost side with the prisoner and sympathize on his/her behalf.