Example (open fields, Europeans couldn't see impacts).
4. Common Property Resource- Common property resource refers to the degree of excludability which applies to a resource. Public resources are entirely joint and non-exclusive; they are 'free' and therefore do not have property rights at all. Such goods are then said to be 'open access'. At the other extreme, private goods are completely exclusive and subtractive, and the owner has the right to exclude others and regulate the use of the resource. This is what constitutes private property. Common resources are partly joint and partly exclusive, which means that a type of property regime has to apply to exclude certain parts of society from its use. Communal or common property tries to achieve this by making the resource accessible only to an identifiable group or community of users, who can regulate its use. Common property resources occur at different scales, from global or international to local. Global property regimes include those resources which are owned internationally, such as Antarctica, where entry is.
only for those states that have treaty rights. On the other hand, in state common property resources the government controls access and regulates the use of a resource which is found within the national boundaries. Examples of this type of property right are found in national parks, reserves and river systems. When there are no rules to regulate the use of a common good, then its disappearance is inevitable. The same would happen if rules existed, but nobody observed them. "Free riding" is the basis of the tragedy of the commons, that is, individuals failing to contribute to the management of a collective good because they expect that others will do so. While the tragedy of the commons seems to be unavoidable in the case of open access resources, common property resources, under some circumstances, lead to sustainable resource use.