"The silicon crystal atom has four valence electrons (represented by dots); two are required to form a covalent bond" (Encyclopedia) In n-type, the impurity such as arsenic atom provides five valence electrons that share with silicon to form a stable situation, but there is one electron left over and it can just move about freely in the crystal and it become a electron donor
P-type is just the opposite of it; impurity combine with silicon such as gallium who has only three electrons in its outer shells. As the result, some atoms in the semiconductor's outer shells, one electron will be missed to form a stable structure, thus p-type has the ability to gain electrons. Such way that combines an impurity to silicon and turn it into a semiconductor is called doping. .
"The operation of most semiconductor devices is based upon the nature of junctions between n-type and p-type materials." (Beiser) We should find out more in the common combination of a p-n junction in the semiconductor device: Junction Diode, Tunnel Diode, Zener Diode, Junction Transistor, and Field-Effect Transistor. Diode is a device that blocks current flow from one direction when it is letting current pass in the opposite direction.
Junction Diode: the simple p-n junction that changes its property by placing the p or n side in different direction in a circuit, and this can lean to three different results. No Bias, when there is no voltage applies on the circuit, temperature changes will lead the p-type (with positive charge) holes are tending to jump the gap to n-type (with negative charge). On the other hand, because the fermi energy is the game in both regions, there is no current occur between these two types of conductors. Reverse Bias, the positive side of the energy source applies on p region and the negative side on n region. This will cause small net current flows in the circuit because most of the holes (+) in p region is attracted to the negative side of the source, and the same thing happens to the n region.
What are SemiConductors ]Introduction Semiconductors are everywhere. ... Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are widely used in semiconductors. ... Semiconductor's history begin in 1830. ... Fig.5 IC chip ]Application of Semiconductors Semiconductors have many applications. ... We saw how the semiconductors industry evolves. ...
The third mitigating factor is one that perhaps encompasses the majority of the employees in the National Semiconductor case. ... The fact that National Semiconductor did not cause a death does not make them a safe company. ... The original resolution in the National Semiconductor case was along these lines. ... This allowed a relatively quick resolution as well as the ideal scenario for National Semiconductor. ... This was pointed out on various occasions as the main reason why National Semiconductor falsified their reports. ...
The third mitigating factor is one that perhaps encompasses the majority of the employees in the National Semiconductor case. ... The fact that National Semiconductor did not cause a death does not make them a safe company. ... The original resolution in the National Semiconductor case was along these lines. ... This allowed a relatively quick resolution as well as the ideal scenario for National Semiconductor. ... This was pointed out on various occasions as the main reason why National Semiconductor falsified their reports. ...
Here are some of the questions she asks: What are the strategic goals of ON Semiconductor? ... She is relatively young, and she has grown up in Phoenix near the ON Semiconductor headquarters. ... He has no personal interest in ON Semiconductor beyond the bottom line. ... He has studied the process for every product line that ON Semiconductor produces. ... ON Semiconductor tried to transition all 2400 products to the COM 1 facility. ...
Communication Issues in the Workplace Issues in Bureaucratic Structures: Economic Orientation Meets Political Orientation Communication Issues in the Workplace As the toxic gas monitoring alarm sounded abruptly, the security department at General Semiconductor initiated the emergency response plan. ... How and Why Reliable Communication Failed In the exercise at General Semiconductor, the inability of the emergency response team to communicate in a timely manner with appropriate personnel may have made the injuries of the victim more severe. ... The radio communication system at Ge...
The result was semiconductors. ... The semiconductor industry has changed the way we live and the way we will live in the future. At ON Semiconductor, where I work, we offer products that can make us smarter, livelonger and make our lives safer. ... Currently the semiconductor industry is in with the worst economic recession in history. ... Overall my life in the semiconductor industry has been happy, in spite of some economic hardships that have occurred. ...
A portion of the light is then absorbed within the semiconductor material in the cell. When the absorbed light is transferred to the various layers of the semiconductor, the transferred energy breaks the bond between electrons and the semiconductor atoms. ...
Germanium was the semiconductor used up to about 1960 when it was replaced by silicon. ... When Silicon, a group 4 element, is doped with a group 5 element it will form an n-type semiconductor. ... If silicon is doped with a group 3 element such as boron it will form a p-type semiconductor. ... This is called a positive hole, and this positive hole is a majority charge carrier in a p-type semiconductor. ... Transistors can be arranged in two ways, n-p-n where a p-type semiconductor is sandwiched by an n-type semiconductor, and in p-n-p an n-type semiconductor is sandwiched by a p-type semicond...
The FET operates by the effects of an electric field on the flow of electrons through a single type of semiconductor material. ... The channel is made of either N-type or P-type semiconductor material; an FET is specified as either an N-channel or P-channel device. ... The current through an FET only has to pass through a single type of semiconductor material. ... FET devices are constructed on a substrate of doped semiconductor material. ... Some of the more important semiconductor electrical properties of the 3C, 4H, and 6H silicon carbide polytypes are given in Table 1. ...