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Recollection Thoery

 

            Influenced by Socrates, Plato was persuaded to believe that knowledge was achieved through a recollection process of previously known facts that we had forgotten. According to Plato, we already know everything and have known it since we were born. However, with time and other experiences, we have forgotten we knew them and when we re-learn them, it is just a matter of remembering what we already knew. Plato was also convinced that two components made up the characteristics of recollection and knowledge. Firstly, recollection should be truthful and infallible. Secondly, recollection through previously gained knowledge must have as its objective what in reality is true, in contrast with what alone is a mere appearance. Since according to Plato, what is real must be fixed, permanent, and immutable, he identified reality with the ideal sphere of existence as opposed to the physical world. .
             One consequence of this argument was his denial toward the affirmation that all knowledge is derived from experiences. He thought that the propositions derived from experiences have, at most, a grade of possibility. They are not true. However, the objects of the experience are a phenomenon that causes changes to the physical world, concluding that the objects of experience are the actual objects of knowledge.
             In the theory of recollection that Plato exposed to the Republic during the discussion about the images of divisible lines and the cavern myth, he distinguishes two different levels of knowledge: opinion and fact. These declarations and affirmations about the physical and visible world, including the observations and propositions of Science, are only opinions. Some of these opinions are well founded and others are not, however none of them should be considered true knowledge. The highest point of knowledge is recollection, because it concerns reason instead of experience. Reason, when utilized in an adequate form, leads to ideas that are true and the objects of these rational ideas are universally factual, therefore creating and forming the eternal forms or sustenance that constitute the real world.


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