IQ - intelligence quotient - Originally defined as the ratio of mental age to chronological age; it now represents a person's performance relative to same-age peers. While some researchers believe that IQ tests do predict academic performance, others argue that these tests are culturally biased because scores are influenced by background factors such as the test taker's racial or ethnic group. For example, assessing a child with inadequate English skills using an English version of an IQ test for an educational placement would result in a biased, inappropriate assessment. .
Scapegoating:.
The function of the scapegoat in the group is to channel and focus aggression. Some patients behave provocatively and frustrate attempts to help them, but the therapist cannot overlook scapegoating. The group therapist's intervention may well tip the balance towards that member being integrated into the group rather than being forced to leave the group. The leader must be able to maintain a difficult balance. One side of the balance is to allow sufficient stressful interaction to represent the inevitable conflictive situations that have to be experienced. The other side is to prevent the stress on any individual from extending to a breakdown that would damage victim and victimizers alike.
Very often, teenagers are identified as the source of problems in families. Therapists refer to this process as scapegoating. For example, in abusive families, where children are being neglected, they begin to seek love and attention outside of home, on the streets, by doing drugs and drinking with peers. Then parents tend to find their children at fault of causing quarrels with each other. In family therapy, blame for systemic problems can rarely be assigned to any one person. Blaming does not help solve problems.
Splitting - refers to the notion of you could see either a group or part of the group or people in the group as either all good or all bad.