Intelligence

            
             There is no consensus amongst psychologists on the definition on intelligence because it is such a broad issue and a single unique definition is probably impossible. Merriam-Webster's dictionary defines intelligence as "the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria". Many psychologists have their own definitions of intelligence and there is constant debate over whose definition is right The debate is likely to go on for a long time to come because it is almost impossible to prove whose definition is right. Most agree, however, that intelligence measures our ability to adapt to challenges and that intelligence varies for every person. .
             Despite the lack of a unique definition of intelligence, intelligence tests are often used in many circumstances such as the workplace and in schools. There is consensus that these tests are a good predictor of a person's ability as long as it is accepted that these tests are not one hundred percent accurate and that the results need to be qualified. This is because some of these tests can be open to biases such as but not limited to cultural biases if not conducted properly. An example of cultural bias is represented in a case study conducted by Renee Kimberley entitled "Psychological testing with african americans. A critical review of the literature" .
             Some psychologists believe intelligence is influenced by genetics while others believe it is environment which influences it. Currently many psychologists are leaning towards the belief that intelligence is influenced by a combination of nature and nurture and not purely one or the other. Alfred Binet was one of the first psychologists to devise an intelligence test. Binet's test has been changed and modified by many other psychologists overtime but his groundwork is still in place ninety-nine years after he first proposed it.