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Liberal Consensus

 

            FORGING THE POST-WWII LIBERAL CONSENSUS #1.
             Institutional Compromise: Welfare-Warfare State .
             New Deal Liberalism + Military Industrial Complex ("Guns and Butter-).
             .
             Creating a Government based on "Civilian-Militarism- (from the dollar-a-year men to the revolving door between defense-based industrialism and government service). (Take Secretaries of Defense as an example: Charles Wilson (1953-1957), former President of GM, Neil McElroy (1957-1959), former President of Proctor and Gamble, Robert McNamara (1961-1967), former President of Ford Motor Company, Caspar Weinberger (1981-1987), former VP of Bechtel Corporation). By 1957 200 Generals and Admirals and 1300 colonels or naval officers of similar rank worked for civilian agencies.
             .
             Defense spending linked to moderate expansions of welfare-state at home based upon the imperatives of fighting the Cold War abroad. "Military Keynesianism- in which major producers of consumer durables were also major weapons contractors: "what enhanced the home was not unrelated to what protected the homeland.
             .
             Examples: GI Bill, NSC '68 (see excerpts on web-page), Federal Highway Act of 1956, Truman's "Fair Deal,"" Kennedy's "New Frontier,"" Johnson's "Great Society-.
             FORGING THE LIBERAL CONSENSUS #2.
             Ideological Underpinnings: Anticommunist Liberalism.
             Purging the remnants of the New Deal Left (Prosecuting Communist Party members, 1948 defeat of Henry Wallace's Progressive Party, Government loyalty oaths, Purging Left-Wing Trade Unions, Hollywood Black-list).
             Containing Right-wing Anticommunism (McCarthy's Censure by the Senate in 1954, Preventing "Rollback,"" Firing of Douglas Macarthur by Truman in 1952, Lyndon Johnson's defeat of Barry Goldwater 1964).
             Preserving Nuclear Peace through Mutually Assured Destruction and Containment. Blocking "Soviet expansionism- short of war. Increasing emphasis upon covert operations, brushfire and proxy wars fought out in global peripheries and rim lands of Asia, Africa and Latin America.


Essays Related to Liberal Consensus

1. The Early Liberal Party and Women's Suffrage

The Parliamentary Liberal Party refused to support the cause of women's suffrage. ... As Source 16 says, the progressive ideology of the Liberal Party was at odds with considerations of political advantage'. ... The fact the Liberal Party does not care a straw for the interests and wishes of women' is an indication of her frustration with the Liberal Party or simply an attempt to encourage support for her cause and destroy support for the hypocritical Liberal Party. ... The attitude of the Liberal Prime Minister at the time seems not to be representative of the party as a whole....

  • Word Count: 676
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Radical and Liberal Ideologies

Mechanical solidarity is therefore grounded in consensus and similarity of beliefs. ... In interpreting change, the liberals insist that is must be a reform process in the existing system employing the values of harmony and consensus. Liberals assume that, ethnic groups in modern nations should be well integrated and politically stable. ... Consensus may and usually takes long and obliterate the efforts of change and certain issues are overtaken by events giving rise to perpetual consensus meetings. ... Liberals typically accept the general structure of their own so...

  • Word Count: 3485
  • Approx Pages: 14
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. The Two Parties

The name Whig soon lost its derogatory sense and was supressed by the term "Liberal" in the mid-19th century. ... The liberals pleaded for Rationality-reliance upon supporting evidence for ideas rather than assertions, on Liberty-the belief that each citizen is entitled to certain liberties, the independence of the main government institutions, and the Rights-the idea that the people have rights which are personal and independent of the state. The classical liberals, those forming the Liberal party in the 19th century, pleaded for a minimal government: socially ("to protect people from the c...

  • Word Count: 634
  • Approx Pages: 3

4. The Labour Goverment of 1945

The Liberal party of 1906-1914 took the biggest steps in creating a welfare state. The Liberals never set out to create a welfare state they simply intended to provide specific solutions for specific problems. ... The consensus of Britain was moving away from the laissez- faire' way of thinking and more people started to think that state intervention was a pretty good idea. ... When the Liberals came to power they introduced the old age pension in 1908, this was for all those over 70 years old whose income was under 60p a week. ... The Liberals didn't set out to create a welfare...

  • Word Count: 1534
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

5. Margaret Thatcher and the Thatcher Revolution Myth

Response The relative failure of consensus that brought Margaret Thatcher into power in 1979 indisputably changed the face of Great Britain. ... Consequently, these acts show that her ideas themselves were not revolutionary; the system under the consensus needed to be readapted. ... However, the increase of living standards that originated from such a liberal economy also came at a cost: the population living below 60% median income rose from 13.4% in 1979 to 22.2% in 1990 and unemployment rates tripled. ... Overall, the Thatcher revolution cannot be discarded as a myth as the break with conse...

  • Word Count: 1201
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. The Writings Of American History From The Puritans To The Present

They led toward what came to be called "consensus history." ... When they acknowledged that conflict occurred between sections, classes, and groups, the consensus historians insisted that such struggles were fought within a common liberal framework and that the protagonists were never really in disagreement over fundamentals. ... These consensus historians were very diverse, and many of them were liberals. A new generation of neo-Progressives began to insist that conflict, not consensus, marked the American past. In 1960s America, the assault on consensus history...

  • Word Count: 2043
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Blame: Roger or America?

Smith, Kay, and the GM workers can all be included within the consensus paradigm, because all of them believe and support the ideals of democracy, liberalism, and capitalism. ... Roger Smith and Tom Kay are so because they believe and support the consensus principles of capitalism and liberalism. ... In addition, the Liberal State Theory states that a liberal government is to protect and maintain the principles of liberalism, therefore protecting the rights of the GM Corporation. ...

  • Word Count: 949
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Social Movements And Political

The traditional Liberal and Conservative two party political system in Canada has ultimately failed to deal with the concerns of minority groups and their social issues. ... According to Meisel, the function of the Canadian party system is to create a national consensus on the broad purposes of government and on the general means most suited to achieve them. ... The traditional system comprised of Liberals, Conservatives, and CCF/NDP, evolved into a multiparty system with the creation of the former Reform Party and the Bloc Quebecois. ... The Liberal government furthered the women's move...

  • Word Count: 1990
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. social movements and political

The traditional Liberal and Conservative two party political system in Canada has ultimately failed to deal with the concerns of minority groups and their social issues. ... According to Meisel, the function of the Canadian party system is to create a national consensus on the broad purposes of government and on the general means most suited to achieve them. ... of the political parties in the 1990's, the three major parties, Liberal, Conservative and NDP each formed federations aimed at recruiting women to join the parties. ... The Liberal government furthered the women's movement ...

  • Word Count: 3983
  • Approx Pages: 16
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate