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Discovering the Unknown Landscape

 

These explorers and fur traders made it possible for farmers, homeowners, and merchants to move westward from the coastal settlements. Crossing across the continent, through the Midwest and Great Plains to the gold-rich areas of California, under the guise of "Manifest Destiny" they destroyed wetlands by draining and filling in these lowlands for their own needs.
             Vileisis depicts the importance of wetlands as simply making a choice. In her view, it is a choice between good and evil; between preserving nature and preserving landowners" rights; between using the land and destroying the land. Wetland ecosystems are a sustainable network that can be upset if altered or tainted. They afford a habitat to small organisms, fish, and birds; provide a buffer for flooding, and preserve water quality by filtering excess nutrients and pollutants. Wetlands allow for drainage and runoff zones with "their spongelike capacities providing natural flood control along many rivers." Disturbing this hydrological process will make "more runoff flow downstream, and neighbors" basements may flood." This disruption can even reverberate upstream as exhibited in the "Flood on "93" when the Mississippi River, Missouri River, and several smaller tributaries flooded to the point that numerous riverfront towns were submerged for more than ten days. .
             The author emphasizes the damage and destruction to the environment, the wildlife, and the waterfowl that migrate through the region, which comes with draining and filling in lowlands. She alleges that governmental attempts to drain the "pot holes" of the northern Great Plains using taxpayer funds resulted in additional costs to build alternate suitable waterfowl habitats to replace those that were wiped out by drainage. Also, from the late 1950's until 1970, plans were in the works to allow for the expansion of San Francisco, Oakland and the communities near the San Francisco Bay by draining and filling in at an "astounding rate over 2,000 acres of marsh and bay per year.


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