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Genetic Engineering.
Genetic engineering was introduced in 1981. It was considered to be the first publication of biotechnology know to us today. Biotechnology is the most widely known circulated publication. Environmental markets are apart of the applied research through commercialization. Reshuffling of the genes is the definition of what genetic engineering is. Is best to understand genetic engineering by first knowing some basic biology. For genetic engineering to occur you must first start with a single cell (from a plant, animal ,or a fungus) in which your able to transfer the cell of that organism and transfer it into another organism. For the gene splicing to take part all the cells in the organism must function as a whole, in order for our bodies to work properly(the same goes for single celled organism's). now we are ready to start talking about genetic engineering and how DNA is taking from one cell and put into another.
Genetic engineering is used to take genes as well as segments of DNA from one species and into another. A set of techniques are provided by GE (genetic engineering) to cut DNA randomly or at specific spots. For a scientist to study the piece of DNA it must first isolated then it can be spliced from there and put next to another DNA of a different organism. There comes a time where there are problems. Like for example a fish gene won't be excepted by a tomato unless it given a promoter with a "flag" that the tomato recognizes. Some times a virus will interrogate their genetic information into the DNA host of the cell (such as one of our own), multiply, and then infect all of the other cells surrounding one cell and infect it, then multiply. Viruses are evolved forms of genetically enhanced cells which can command the host cell to always be reading the viral genes and produce viral proteins.