Also, it also suggests that because forced slavery was not widely practiced on the island, a notion of solidarity could have existed amongst the Puerto Rican people during the 19th century. .
Unfortunately, the details surrounding the island's social and economic structure at that particular time prevent its history from serving as a model for national unity. In the 1840s, sugar became very important in the international market. New technologies resulted from both the European and American Industrial Revolutions, and as a result, sugarcane producers were able to process their crops more efficiently. This dramatic increase in the consumption of sugar cane created a greater demand for labor by the Spanish Empire, transforming Puerto Rico from a dependent colony on the outskirts of an empire, to a profit-making enterprise. A question exists though, did an alternative free labor force exist in 19th century Puerto Rico to substantiate the claims that African slave labor was not important to its sugar economy?.
Evidence suggests that the native population could not fulfill the economic goals of the Spanish Empire. Scarano claims that "the haciendas needed a mass of inexpensive disciplined workers, and for nearly three decades after 1815, the African slave trade satisfied that demand. Except on very small farms using a balanced combination of slaves and jornaleros, slaves constituted the majority of sugar workers in the principal producing districts until well beyond the middle of the century". These ideas demonstrate that modern constructions of Puerto Rican heritage are incomplete without a discussion of the strong African heritage in Puerto Rican culture. .
Internal domestic conditions concerning Puerto Rican labor discipline problems also contributed to the large importations of African slaves. The large "hinterland" area of central Puerto Rico, for centuries, had created a respite for free population in which they could live their day to day lives fairly free from Spanish rule.
A Developmental Analysis Of The Main Character In The Book "When I Was Puerto Rican" By Esmeralda Santiago Negi's childhood home in Macun was in a community which had few ties with the rest of society. ... Yet she was driven to shape an identity separate from her family, and in her heart still remain the "jibara" she was raised as. ...
However, this document would be resurrected time and time again, evolving and taking on a new identity with each of its appearances in U.S. history. ... With fighting between the European nations, there were disputes as to who would receive the lands of Cuba and Puerto Rico. ... He declared "neither Cuba nor Puerto Rico could be transferred to any other powers by Spain." ... Later written in the Roosevelt Corollary, this identity of the doctrine would be used time and time again throughout history. ... Roosevelt's perversion of the Monroe Doctrine changed the identity of the doctrin...
By the end of the 1800s, Spain had lost all of its New World colonies except Cuba and Puerto Rico. ... After an economic crisis in 1866, people began to see the need for reform, which set the stage for the indepenentistas (Buckman 111). ... Of course the United States kept a hand in Cuba's independence with the Platt Amendment, which gave the United States the right to intervene in case of crisis (Buckman 111). ...
I will then address the crisis of masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, and female criminality and will finish on concepts of sport and masculinity. ... Moving onto the crisis of masculinity, Ray evaluates that over the past 10 years, there has been much attention towards the research of 'problems of men's health, boys' educational attainment and the unsettling of traditional masculine expectations' (2011: 92). ... Hatty suggests that the rapid decline in 'traditional working class males' and employment rates, provokes a 'crisis on masculinity' (2006). ...