Introduction to Geography

It is also practical to utilize resources as efficiently as possible to prevent shortage in the future.
             Biogeochemical cycles being completely different from land transformations are at first unnoticeable and inconspicuous, however at later stages they become more obvious and evident and by then the problems associated with biogeochemical cycles are usually too severe for improvement. The gaseous elements of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and the solid carbon are essential to the survival of all life forms on Earth. Unfortunately, both CO2 and N results from human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, industries Together they alter climates to extremes, contribute to the formation of acid rain, attributes to soil infertility, as well as producing low level photochemical smog; affecting the Earth's ecosystems respectively. Enterprises such as agriculture and the construction of dams to generate electricity through the diversions and alterations of river has led to drastic and redundant changes in climate that would in return affect the organisms located within Earth's ecosystems. There is more than what meets the eye, since these four issues are not the only ones the Earth is troubled with and affected by. Another critical element resulting from sulphur gases being oxidized and combined with water forming sulphuric acid smog, which further worsens the problems related with the Earth's ecosystems. A factor that is apparent in all these problematic issues is the fact that: they are dependant on the actions we take and we humans are increasing the rates at which they are occurring, which further affect all living organisms in different aspects.
             The problems stated above posses an effect that is generally the same for all species and organisms, the final results being biotic changes leading to biological invasion and extinction. Extinction rates have increased drastically over the years, as industrialization and urbanization has grown polluting each of the Earth's ecosystems with toxic gases and wastes, triggering the deaths of countless numbers of plants and animals.