Middle managers to use Peter F. Druckers phrase are "managers of managers." They direct the work of first line managers and are responsible for implementing the policies set out by the top level managers for e.g. a battalion commander in the U.S army. .
Top or senior level managers: are managers who are responsible for the overall direction and coordination of the organisation. These managers plan for the future of the organisation, manage the middle managers and represent the organisation to the outside community. Top management may be one person or a group of people at the apex of the hierarchy. Titles for managers at this level are Chief Executive Officer and President . An example of a top level manager would be an admiral in the navy. .
For an organisation to exist there must be some sort of structure in place so that a manager can follow certain guidelines in order to qualify as a manager and they are. .
Planning: This function involves the process of defining goals for the employees and other managers, establishing strategies for reaching these goal and developing plans to integrate and co-ordinate these activities with his fellow workers. An example of a company's foresight into planning is the biotechnology industry is increasingly turning to an unusual form of corporate planning called "story building," or scenario creation, "to try to make sense of the future." Large corporations use story building -- "a specialized form of crystal-ball gazing" -- to generate contrasting visions of future possibilities that would not show up in conventional business plans. The New York Times reports that St. Louis-based Monsanto Co. and 13 other members of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development have hired consultants "to help them paint a portrait of the biotechnology landscape of the year 2030." The companies "see plenty of reason to worry about unpredictable setbacks," amid recent food-safety scares and a study showing genetically modified corn may harm butterflies.