What is the meaning of Artificial Intelligence? There are several definitions to A. but it is an area in computer science that artificial systems are capable of human-like problem solving or skilled responding. It is a major role in cognitive research and in lives. .
Brief History of Artifical Intelligence:.
The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Artificial intelligence includes .
• games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers .
• expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms) .
• natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languages .
• neural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains .
• robotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli .
AI is divided into 6 main categories:.
• knowledge representation and reasoning.
• planning and problem solving .
• natural language processing.
• machine learning.
• computer vision.
• robotics.
"Knowledge representation and reasoning- are considered to be the core problems in AI This problem has 3 main approaches:.
1. logical approach "where conclusions are based on "if-then- rules.
2. probabilistic approach "knowledge is represented as a numerical probability and reasoning will involve computing the probability of an alternative conclusion.
3. neural network approach "knowledge is represented as a network of interconnected units that perform certain tasks by exchanging information. (This approach mimics a neurons behavior-the cells in the brain process information).