Turner Syndrome is one of the rare diseases that affect only women. It is caused by abnormalities in one of the X-chromosomes, and has a number of symptoms, including short stature and the presence of a webbed neck. While Turner syndrome symptoms may be apparent at birth, the condition often isn't diagnosed until puberty. The characteristic short stature may be overlooked, and the girl is just presumed to be shorter than average. As with other rare diseases, most people have never heard of Turner Syndrome, so the warning signs are often missed.
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Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which contain all of our genetic information. Men are distinguished from women by having one pair of chromosomes consisting of a single "X" and a single "Y" chromosome. Women on the other hand normally have two X-chromosomes. .
In women suffering from Turner Syndrome, some of the genetic material on one of these chromosomes is missing, or an entire X chromosome may be missing. The exact cause of the disease isn't known but it is thought to be a random occurrence affecting approximately one out every 2,000 live female births. .
Male fetuses that miss the X chromosome don't survive. A Y chromosome can't function on its own. A single X chromosome can survive, however, and the resulting child is a girl with Turner Syndrome.
Turner Syndrome can affect the body in many ways. The most common physical symptoms are a short body stature and a "webbed neck" appearance. Because of disruptions to many important hormones, young women often experience a delay in menstruation and other events associated with puberty.
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Short stature is one of the defining characteristics of Turner Syndrome, as the gene responsible for long bone growth is missing. The average woman with Turner Syndrome reaches a height of 4 feet 8 inches. If growth hormones are administered early in childhood, some women may grow slightly taller, but any new growth varies among individuals.
This is evident in Downs Syndrome and Turner Syndrome. Downs Syndrome is a case of trisomy in chromosome pair 21 due to disjunction. ... Turner syndrome is an example of a monosomy, the presence of only one particular type of chromosome. ... This causes defects in the Turner females such as dysfunctional ovaries, heart defects, lack of breast development, and failure to undergo puberty or menstruation. ...
Down syndrome is a condition affecting many Americans and individuals across the world. ... Strides have been made in Down syndrome awareness, education and overall acceptance. ... Down syndrome is a condition that a person is born with. ... There are many physical problems associated with Down syndrome. ... Children with Down syndrome now attend public schools. ...
The first section deals with reviewing two major theories, "The Stockholm Syndrome" and "The Battered Womans Syndrome". ... STOCKHOLM SYNDROME It is assumed it is easy to leave. ... (ibid:226) A depressive syndrome - after continuos frustration they give up hope. ... Turner & Shapiro (1986) cited in (op. ... (1998) "Survivors of Terror: Battered Women, Hostages and The Stockholm Syndrome" in K. ...
One major cause of these impairments can stem from a child diagnosed with a Syndrome. "A Syndrome is identified when a certain number of features co-occur across individuals." (Pg.74) A few examples of Syndromes that can cause problems in speech sound production are Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Velocardiofacial Syndrome, Genetic Syndromes, such as Fragile X Syndrome, and Chromosomal Syndromes, such as Turner Syndrome, Pierre Robin, Cri du chat, Klinefelter, and DiGeorge Syndrome. The effects of most of these Syndromes include Hearing Loss, Language Delay, Mental Retardation...
examples 1) down"s syndrome (also called mongolism owing to the changes to the eyes in these patients). ... s) there should also be one with one chr.. - monosomy but this is lethal and the child is aborted at an early stage of pregnancy (usually before the mother knows that she is pregnant). 2) turners syndrome- monosomy for the X chromosome 44+XO i.e. the person is deficient for an X or Y. ... similarly men are found who have 44+XXY and these have one Barr body (Klinefelters syndrome). ...
A study (3) done of girls who suffer from Turners syndrome found they have only a single X chromosome. ... Children afflicted with Downs syndrome have one to many chromosomes, three instead of two. ...
Society, however, finds it perfectly acceptable as a treatment for short stature due to a growth hormone deficiency or Turner's syndrome (Kiuru & Crystal, 2008, p. 330) The problem with that approach to the ethical side of enhancement can be explained with the use of an anecdote by Nils Holtug (2011), an associate professor at the University of Copenhagen: Johnny is a short 11-year-old boy with documented growth hormone (GH) deficiency resulting from a brain tumor. ...
The Thyroid The thyroid is a very important, yet rarely discussed gland in your body. This gland produces hormones and controls your metabolism. Due to the complexity of the thyroid hormone and the potential complications that will be discussed further, individuals need to be proactive in order to catch thyroid disease in the early stages to prevent further complications and to also better your quality of life. Throughout this paper; the definition and functions of a thyroid, the types of thyroid disease, controversies and diseases related to hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism will all be disc...