To what extent did changing leadership contribute to the pro

His greatest achievement was his ability to inspire African Americans without alienating white Americans, and President McKinley appointed him to be his official advisor on black affairs in 1896 so raising black profile and moral. Washington's main threat was his dependence on presidential will for reform, and although progress was chequered, his standing ensured that he was always noticed. He favored small steady steps towards economic advancement. This was seen by black militants as too moderate, and they criticised him for only having a limited influence in federal policies, as shown by his failure to convince Roosevelt to condemn lynching and in 1906 his failure to moderate his reaction to the Brownsville riots. He remained uncomfortable with the radical methods of Du Bois or M Garvey, fearing a back lash from white government. .
             Du Bois lacked mass appeal, seen as a radical and intellectual elitist. He received a white style education, and became the first black student to receive a Ph D at the elite Harvard university. His scientific thought process led to his pursuit of a cure for color prejudice, a new slant on the fight for equality. Du Bois sought legal and political equality, and was a founding member of the NAACP (1909), which became one of the largest civil rights reform organisations in the USA during the twentieth century. He believed that segregation lead to inequality, and that the Jim Crow laws should be eradicated. Du Bois wrote provocatively disclosing cruelties inflicted on blacks, and his support of and pride in black culture helped the fight through the courts towards real change. He edited the NAACP's newspaper "Crisis" (1909-1934) and was active in the Harlem resistance. The ideological differences between Washington and Du Bois grew, jeopardizing the stability of the movement and thus losing the opportunity to unite their approaches. .
             Marcus Garvey, an extremist from Jamaica, believed that African Americans were handicapped by their economic circumstances, so aimed for improvement through better education and business ventures.