The concept of Power is described and studied in many social sciences and as it's applied in many forms, it has given rise to several explanations. A common explanation is - "It's the ability to influence or control others to conduct in ways that they would other wise not choose to do so." .
Personal power is the ability to employ ones own individual characteristics e.g. physical strength or charms to influence and control others.
An individual can gain personal power by:-.
- Having a strong will and attitude. A firm belief in oneself and principles.
- The possession of money and wealth.
- A good education. .
- Good fortune and to some extent good looks.
The extent of an individual's power would vary as they may possess all or some of the above mentioned conditions. The more qualities they have the more likely they are to be influential and powerful.
Groups are formed when different individuals unite having one common goal or belief. They are usually referred to as pressure (interest) groups which campaign for a particular cause. Such collectives stand a better chance of achieving their goals as strength lies in numbers. .
Groups attempt to gain power so that they may defend their own interests, such as trade unions or the CBI (Confederation of British Industry. Another reason why groups attempt to gain power is to promote new initiatives which they argue will benefit society E.g. Greenpeace campaigners. .
These pressure groups influence decision makers and gain power by:-.
- Lobbying.
This involves sending representatives to see whoever is in authority and the representatives try to persuade them to their ideas. It is supported by leaflets, letters and documents.
- Retaining the service of those in authority.
Pressure groups sponsor candidates to take up key authoritative positions eg become cabinet ministers. They then in turn would represent and support the pressure groups.
- Publicity.
The groups believe the best way of gaining attention I to attract attention.