For adolescents, untreated ADHD may have a huge impact on their future. As for undiagnosed adults, the toll on emotional health caused by a lifetime of pain and frustration cannot be overstated.
There is no single objective test (for example, blood test or MRI) to determine if someone has ADHD. Instead, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted. This extensive process includes an estimate of the child's developmental level, as well as an appraisal of his or her academic, social, and emotional functioning. Interviewing the parent or primary caregiver provides extremely important information as well. A profile of the child's behavior, a look at family history, and possible sources of distress and particularly significant because they may help determine aspects of the treatment plan.
At the core of the evaluation process are the diagnostic criteria set forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These symptoms encompass three general areas: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These general areas comprise the three subtypes of ADHD: (1) Inattentive Type, (2) Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, and (3) Combined Type.
Symptoms of Inattention:.
Fails to pay close attention to details or makes careless mistakes.
Has difficulty maintaining attention in tasks or play activities.
Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
Have difficulty organizing tasks or activities.
Is easily distracted.
Is often forgetful in daily activities.
Symptoms of Hyperactivity:.
Fidgets with hands of feet and squirms in seat.
Leaves seat in classroom or other situations in which being seated is expected.
Runs or climbs excessively when inappropriate.
Has difficulty playing in leisure activities quietly.
Is always on the go or acts as if "driven by a motor".
Often talks excessively.
Symptoms of Impulsivity.
Blurts out answers before the questions have been completed.
Has difficulty waiting turn.