When a couple uses IVF or in vitro fertilization attempt which yields twelve extra embryos, the couple can now freeze them in a process called cryopreservation for their further use or sell them to other infertile couples. The technology that has been used so far is based directly on traditional human embryo cryopreservation procedures, and this has produced quite a few offspring. Fortunately, to date, no defects have been reported from these pregnancies. This is regardless of the persistent concerns that freezing and thawing of mature oocytes may disrupt the meiotic spindle and thus increase the potential for aneuploidy (this is having an incorrect number of chromosomes that is usually a haploid number- which may cause defects or abnormalities) in the embryos occurring from such eggs. With respect to cryostorage (freezing) of donated oocytes, there have been several reports that have shown some success with this idea. Six pregnancies have produced 10 babies from cryopreserved donor oocytes in these reports. The use of frozen donor oocytes after thawing not for whole egg donation, but for ooplasmic transfer has been reported with a successful delivery of a twin following thawed ooplasmic donation. .
Whether mature or not, the standard cryopreservation technologies appear to have their crucial limitations in not only cryosurvival (being able to survive and mature during and after freezing), but also more importantly in their required consistency. About fifty percent of cryosurvival is a sufficient overall conclusion, but it is a fact that has occurred from 90-100% has survived in 1 case, and 0-10% in the next. Consequently, drastically different types of procedures may provide the answer to higher consistent success. ICSI (the process of physically placing a healthy sperm into a healthy oocyte) has become the accepted standard for insemination of oocytes post-thaw, to avoid any reduction in sperm penetration mutation with premature development.
An inquiry into how the practice of Cryonics effects and shapes understandings of identity, body and death, in postmodern Christianity. The practice of cryonics could only flourish in the postmodern era, a time peppered by society's growing emphasis on body and identity. Western culture has progr...
ABSTRACT Evolution of man has lead to various environmental issues that had detrimental consequences for various species. Zoos were often historic tools to display wealth and power. It is only recently that the primary focus of zoos has been shifted to conservation efforts and preservation of biodiversity. Zoos and botanical gardens attempt to fulfill their goal of conservation through ex situ programs, in situ methods, and education. In addition, the methods of captive breeding and reintroduction are key components of these programs for a successful increase in biodiversity, where each method...