Titration is the process of determining the strength or concentration of the ingredients of a solution by adding measured amounts of a reagant until the desired chemical reaction has been effected. In an acid-base titration either the concentration of the acid or teh base must be known, then we can use the results of the titration to find the other concentration. A titration is a very accurate procedure, if proper care is taken then the result accuracy of two decimal places can be obtained. It is a simple, reliable, and economical experiment that is simple to use. Reactions between aqueous solutions are generally fast. The endpoint is when the indicator suddenly changes colour, this means the reaction is complete. At the endpoint you stop the titration and record the volume of the titrant used. A titration experiment should be carried out several different times to ensure that the results are as accurate as possible.
For titration, a chemical must be.
spontaneous - chemicals must react on their own without a continuous addition of energy.
fast - chemicals react instantaneously when mixed.
quantitative - the reaction is more than 99% complete.
stoichiometric - there is a single, whole number mole ratio of amounts of reactants and products.
Purpose:.
To determine the concentration of the HCl solution using acid-bade titration and verify if the molarity is equal to 1.5 mol/L.
Materials: Apparatus.
- standardized NaOH solution - 250 mL beakers (2) .
- unknown concentration of HCl solution - 50 mL burets (2).
- phenolphthalein solution - double buret clamp.
- ring stand.
- 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks (2).
Procedure:.
1. Prepare a data table as shown. Record all experimental results in the data table as soon as you obtain them. Complete the remainder of the data table as soon as you have enough data to do so.
Table 1 - Titration Values.
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Measurements and results Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 .