The Mayor of Casterbridge, written by Thomas Hardy, is a story that uses the metaphorical concept of a wheel of fortune. In reading the novel, one may discover that the main character, Michael Henchard, experiences success as a mayor, ultimate downfall dealing with bankruptcy in business, and a lover's tragic death. The primary theme of The Mayor of Casterbridge is the ideal notion of fate. It is implied that people cannot completely conquer fate, although some believe to be in control of their destiny. Important literary terms found in the novel are symbolism, point of view, and situational irony.
Symbolism is a unique and significant element within The Mayor of Casterbridge. In the beginning of the novel, for example, the wedding ring that Susan throws on the ground symbolizes the end of her marriage with Henchard. Henchard proceeds to sell his wife as a result of his intoxication. Susan, as a result, is so angry with Henchard that she decides to go with another important character in the book, the sailor. When Henchard discovers the ring on the ground, he becomes officially aware that the marriage is over. .
Another example of symbolism is the letter. It represents a secret. Every letter that appeals in the novel contains some important secrets that other characters are unaware of. Only the people that read the letter discover the secret. The most significant example of this is the true identity of Elizabeth-Jane. Henchard is convinced that Elizabeth-Jane is her real daughter. However, the truth is revealed in Susan's letter, and the letter changes Henchard's attitude towards Elizabeth-Jane. The use of symbolism is apparent throughout the story.
Hardy assumes a knowledgeable point of view in The Mayor of Casterbridge. This is an effective technique because it makes the story more enjoyable to read. Readers are able to understand any character's thoughts at any point in the story.