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marriage as a social contract in Pride and Prejudice

 

Darcy, she states "I believe it must date from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley" (p301). Certain critics have therefore claimed that Elizabeth Bennet is mercenary in her reasons for marriage to Mr. Darcy. This apparently gold-digging behaviour would suggest an attempt by Elizabeth not only to retain, but also to improve, her class status, and therefore to fall in line with rural traditionalism as laid out in Edmund Burke's "Reflections on the Revolution in France". As Elizabeth Bennet is Austen's heroine, and therefore a character of whom she writes very favourably, it could be supposed that Austen's attitude towards marriage, and the position of women in society, in writing this book was one of traditional rural conservatism. .
             However, before we can accept this supposition, we must recall that Elizabeth has already turned down two well-off potential husbands - one of them being Mr. Darcy himself! - in an attempt to hold out for true love and personal happiness. Her disgust at the proposal of the unbelievably boring and rude Mr. Collins was surpassed only by her shock at discovering that her best friend, Charlotte Lucas, had consented to marry him instead. Unabashedly mercenary, Ms. Lucas declares that marriage is a woman's "pleasantest preservative from want" but that it is "uncertain of giving happiness" (p.103) (Jones, V., etc). Elizabeth, on the other hand, claims to believe in marriage for love, and holds her own individual happiness as a personal goal. This portrayal of the heroine as a creature of emotion and feeling, as opposed to a rational, logical and slightly more masculine figure, would assume Austen to be in favour of the theories of such feminist thinkers of the time as Mary Wollstonecraft - a staunch opposer of the writings of Edmund Burke. .
             What, then, is Austen's stance towards marriage as seen in "Pride and Prejudice"? Is she a romantic feminist or a rural traditionalist? My personal belief is that Austen is neither - I would suggest that she, in fact, manages to reach a happy compromise between the two.


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