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Several researchers have suggested theoretical models of face recognitions. For example, Bruce and Young (1986) have suggested that face recognition is a serial process including several independent stages (cited in Nunn et al. 2001). Firstly, in the "structural encoding" stage the details of physical descriptions of a face are created. This stage encodes both local features such as big nose or moustache as well as configural information that considers a face as a whole unit. Bruce and Young argue that in order to recognise a familiar face "a significant overlap in perceptual similarity between the output of structural encoding stage and stored memory representations of familiar faces must be achieved" (cited in Nunn et al., 2001; p.15). This sequential model furthermore suggest that once a face is recognised, specific semantic information is accessed via "person identity nodes (PINs) which enable the retrieval of the name. Thus such stages, independent of each other would suggest that if either were damaged different deficits would be sustained. Those are namely apperceptive prosopagnosia manifested by difficulties with structural encoding of a face. This is contrasted by the associative version in which the information from the structural encoding stage are not convey to the PINs, as suggested by De Renzi 1986 (cited in Nunn at al. 2001).
The case study of the patient EP ( Nunn, Postma & Pearson, 2001) has been selected for this essay as it is one of the most illustrative examples of what is thought to be "pure" prosopagnosia i.e. visual agnosia affecting faces exclusively. Such a case, if "pure" and entirely dissociated from object agnosia and other deficits, would indeed provided an undutiful support for a face-specific module. Therefore it could than be concluded that prosopagnosia is a deficit resulting from a damage to a face recognition module. The experimental findings of this study including experiments on, neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment, basic visual skills, object recognition, visual imagery, Gestalt completion, face perception, percept inversion and within-category discrimination, do show a considerable support for such argument.
This article describes the Memory process of Human beings from the aspects of both neurobiologists and psychologists, and also explains different kinds of memory phenomenon as well as examples of forgetfulness. The neurobiologists are interested in figuring out the "hardware" of memory, while psych...
Neuropsyhological studies involving patients with prosopagnosia (McNeil and Warrington, 1993; ), a selective impairment of the ability to recognize familiar faces despite a largely preserved ability to recognize objects, provides strong evidence that distinct neural systems mediate face perception. ... The lesions associated with prospagnosia are found in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex and are usually bilateral(ref dam sergent) however there is evidence of cases of prosopagnosia associated with damage confined to the right hemisphere (Derenzi and Derenzi et al.) ...
1. Discuss the major brain structures involved in hearing analysis/comprehension. Explain for each major structure what problems in hearing and/or analysis/comprehension would arise if they were damaged. The central auditory system has several brain stem nuclei: cochlear nuclei, superior olivary...
Blind people for example, cannot recognise themselves in a mirror, yet nobody would argue that they are not self-aware, similarly people brought up in communities in which mirrors are not used have also shown difficulty in recognising themselves when shown a mirror for the first time, and in fact some cases of prosopagnosia, a disorder which leads to an inability to recognise faces, have been found to be so extreme that people cannot even recognise their own reflection. ...