"(Grutter v., 1) This Law is claimed to have been violated on the grounds that the University of Michigan as a state institution receives federal funds, thus it cannot be discriminatory and it must comply with all federal regulations, (as opposed to some private institutions that have a bit more freedom with who they admit). Finally, 42 U.S.C 1981 (a)(2000) states that: "All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property-(Grutter v., 1) These aforementioned laws are the guidelines by which the majority of the circuit courts have based their rulings, however, questions still remain as to the validity of the rulings and about the actual admission process and race's role in this process. .
The University of Michigan has never tried to hide the fact that race plays a role in their admissions process and in fact, the Law School's Policy has the racial "preference" system that has been in effect since 1992 outlined in great detail.(Grutter v., 4) The question is not whether the school considers race in their admissions process, rather how much do they weigh the race of the applicant in a decision? Is the weight of the applicant's race greater than the weight carried by high LSAT and other tests" scores? Lower Circuit and District courts have focused on a number of issues at the core of this particular case, namely; whether or not diversity was a compelling enough reason to include race as a factor in admissions; whether or not rectifying past discrimination was weight enough to include race as a "plus" factor in admissions; and does the University need to recognize race as a factor in order to "level the playing field" in the admissions process to students of minority background. The District Court's finding was that the policy regarding race in admissions was not narrowly tailored enough to effectively provide an outcome that would make a case for race being considered.
Supreme Court case, Grutter v. ... Barbara Grutter was an unsuccessful applicant to University of Michigan Law School. ... The Bakke case is similar in ways to Grutter. ... The precedent set forth by this case was not only controversial, but also unclear in ways. ... On the surface, this appears to be a case that would indeed be examined largely using the Fourteenth Amendment. ...
In the case Barbara Grutter, Petitioner v. ... a white, female applicant, who was a residence of Michigan, did not get into the University of Michigan Law School; she fought the decision, with the case of there being a "race conscious- admissions policy. ... Having peers from various background, does not pose a good enough case that the students will succeed in Law and in life. ... In Barbara Grutter, Petitioner v. ... With the case Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, Petitioners v. ...
Over the years, there have been two significant court cases involving affirmative action. The first case occurred during the nineteen-seventies. ... The second significant court case involving affirmative action occurred more recently. In nineteen ninety-six, a forty-three year old mother named Barbara Grutter applied to the University of Michigan law school. Grutter was not admitted into the school based on its racial preferences. ...
Over the years, there have been two significant court cases involving affirmative action. The first case occurred during the nineteen-seventies. ... The second significant court case involving affirmative action occurred more recently. In nineteen ninety-six, a forty-three year old mother named Barbara Grutter applied to the University of Michigan law school. Grutter was not admitted into the school based on its racial preferences. ...
IN 1996 Barbara Gutter, who is white, applied for admission to the University of Michigan's Law School. ... So when Barbara Gutter applied for admissions she started with a score of zero points and a Hispanic student started with a score of 20 points. ... She states that she hopes the Supreme Court uses the Michigan Grutter and Gratz cased to ban the use of racial and ethnic preferences in university admissions. ... I believe that he would not want to know that Barbara Gutter was denied admissions to the University of Michigan on the basis that she was not a minority. ...
Two Caucasian women were at the center of the University of Michigan cases. ... Barbara Grutter, a 49-year-old mother of two, ran her own consulting business. ... These two cases were of course taken in front of the U.S. Supreme Court because Jennifer and Barbara thought they were victims or racism. ... There has been much debate as well as many court cases that occurred striving for women's right and equality. ...