This change to a more circular and inclusive model gave people refuge from the fear of the eruption of a nuclear war. The threat of nuclear was came from the rise of Communism in the 1917 October Russian Revolution when Lenin led the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II. Stand offs such as that of the Space Race, the Arms Race, and the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis led to fears over the destruction of the Earth as we know it through the unleashing of weapons of mass destruction. This more democratic model meant that the best man to take the Church forward was elected under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. This newfound democratic stance meant that more people joined the Church and participated in Mass, thereby strengthening Catholicism as a whole as congregation numbers were boosted. This was due to more people feeling as if they were more part of the Church as it moved forward. However, the election of the Pope would have definitely reminded people of the election of the Government. This was reminiscent of the two Governments currently involved in the Cold War and led to fears that the Catholic Church may be following the same course as a result of this conflict. Overall however, the introduction of a more circular method of governance within the Church made people feel safer in a time of world crisis and as a result boosted people's confidence in the Church as protectors of the believers of Christ.
Masses were traditionally conducted in Latin, the language originally spoken by those in Latium, Italy. This generally meant that the majority of the congregation at Mass itself could not understand what was being said, thus hindering their ability to understand and interpret the teachings of the Priest. Only a select few who spoke Latin were aware of what was being said during liturgies. Following Vatican II, the language of the liturgy was changed to that of the native tongue of the country that the Mass was taking place in.