The two sided armed conflict between Sudan and South Sudan in March 2012 was a critical event in the history of central Africa. The consequent Political fallout followed by a proclamation of independence of South Sudan and its official recognition as a sovereign state caused difficulties in establishing a boundary between two countries. Both states advocated the common ownership over oil rich regions between North and South which aggravated into a civil war. The first conflict erupted in 1955 and ended in 1972 when Addis Ababa peace agreement was signed. However, in 1983 when Sudanese government cancelled South Sudan's autonomy arrangements, South people rose against Sudanese government and the second civil war took place.1 This paper will examine the causes of the South Sudan and Sudan conflict, followed by analysis of the resolutions to the conflict and detailed examinations of possible solutions. .
Causes .
There are a numbers of contributing factors to the ignition of the Sudanese conflict: geographical and ethnographical.2 The basis of conflict is long-standing ethnic discord between two worlds of Muslim in the north and Christians in the south. As a result of these processes country divided itself into two divisions with rational, cultural and religious differences.3 Regarding these incompatibilities it became difficult for North and South to share the same power, ideology and peacefully coexist with each other.
Sudan's area is inhabited with nomads who were continuously at war with each other. Tribes inhabiting the country ignored the existing border between North and South Sudan and continued to live the lives to which they were accustomed to. 4 Tension between these countries was due to the fact that region's most of the oil was located in the South Sudan whereas North Sudan's territory was covered with pipeline's and suffered from economical loses. The major natural resource of Sudan is oil that accounts almost 80% of potential revenue.