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The presence of some literary references like the myth of Icarus or Tess of D'Ubervilles by Tomas Hardy (James 54, 55) does not grant any intertextuality. They are merely mention in the text as a mean for comparison to explain some situations, like in the following fragment: "The plane banks and turns as the wing dips, and we spiral toward the sun. Icarus .This is it. I am flying close to the sun, but he is with me, leading me" (James 453). The prose is very predictable like one would expect in a romance novel. One might consider that the author's intentions of using figures of speech failed through the spending of futile unoriginal comparisons, for example, "I am Eve in the Garden of Eden, and he is the serpent, and I cannot resist" (James 245). The Tess de D' Ubervilles's reference is as well misused. Anastasia has to write a school assignment and Grey sends her a very expensive gift, the first edition of the novel (James 54). Then, later in the story in an email he writes to her comparing Anastasia with Tess: "I will go with spanking ‒as that is what it was. So you felt demeaned, debased, abused and assaulted‒ how very Tess Durbeyfield of you" (James 293). However, there is no resemblance between the two protagonists. Anastasia loved Christian Grey since the beginning; she never regrets their sexual practices and she is also totally aware of the desires for Bondage Dominance Sadism Submission Masochism (BDSM) that surrounds him. "I am so pleased that he is happy" (James 276), she says her after being spanked by him. If one tries to find a similitude with Tess, one will come across that by contrary Tess is avoiding Alec since she does not loves him as is exposed in the following quote: "() If I had gone for love o' you, if I had ever sincerely loved you, if I loved you still, I should not so loathe and hate myself for my weakness as I do now" (ch.