Electric power system consists of three main parts which are generation, transmission and distribution. Each part of this electric power system has different level of voltage. In distribution system the allowable voltage at this stage are 11kV, 22kV and 33kV. Distribution system plays an important role in electric power system because it delivers power from bulk power system which is transmission system to retail customer. As consumer keep arising day by day, the demand load also elevated. Hence, it is important to improve the reliability and maintain the system. Reliability in this contact means to supply power supply continuously towards customer and has the ability to provide a service which is lack of interruption to the customer [1]. .
Therefore, a utility company needs to have a reliable system to deliver the power at minimum cost and losses. Losses might be occurred due to current that flows through the conductor, long and highly loaded lines, low power factor, lightly loaded distribution transformers, non-strategic location of substation and unbalance load. So, more power has to be generated by power utility companies as well as more efficient system need to be built to fulfill the customer demand. One of the important ways that can be used to reduce these losses is through reconfiguration of distribution systems. Hence, a proper planning is required to ensure that the distribution system is in efficient condition.
Numerous efficient approaches are required to handle this problem. An efficient methodology for network reconfiguration in this project has been described by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Network reconfiguration can be generally treated as a centralized control problem which having the loads and the current tie-switches status as an input quantities and the set of status of the network tie-switches related to the minimum losses radial configuration as an output [2].