In the United States, prison overcrowding is a serious problem that has remained indescribable for many decades. The problem is prison overcrowding arisen since the creation of prison as correctional service in the early centuries. Overcrowding in modern prisons is magnitude problem countless reasons to blame the challenge, but those substantial differ from one nation to the other. The causes of prison overcrowding are not restricted to the confines of criminal justice but stretch to other aspects of authorities including social well-being plans, access to healthcare, education, and job opportunities. According to Dubler," The Eighth Amendment's deliberate indifference standard, forbidding cruel and unusual punishment, presents a relatively demanding standard for proving liability." (Healthaffairs.org) .
However, overcrowding in prisons is a wide-ranging of problems that are the center of issues, policies and crime research. Consists of criminal sentencing, the role of correctional institutions and sentences, housing of criminals with access to health care and rehabilitation service and causes of crimes. Moreover, the issue is delinquency interests what sentence, prison budgets, and economic poverties and criminal policies in determining the kinds of punishment are involved to overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a challenging problem due to its complication in determining how all these issues affect it. Lack of clarity on how many issues of overcrowding in prisons. .
Overcrowding sometimes occurs as a problem that been concealed for long until it abruptly rises putting much pressure to the appropriate authorities. The results from actions and protesters such as human right crowds or court actions after understanding that human and constitutional rights have violated. According to penalreform.org, " Increasing the use of non-custodial alternatives to imprisonment, rather than building more prisons which is an unsustainable and expensive option, reduces numbers of people in prison and allows for a better chance of rehabilitation" (2014).