Johnny Football, age 7, is in the bottom 1%-ile for height with a projected adult height of 5'1". His parents are concerned his stature will affect his opportunities and quality of life. Johnny loves football and wants to try out for his Little League team. Dr. I.M. Rich, a respected endocrinologist, has said that daily growth hormone injections will probably increase his height and strength, with little risk of serious side effects. His parents are eager to help him achieve his goals. The school system has a policy prohibiting "performance enhancing drugs" unless medically indicated. Johnny's pediatrician, Dr. Conrad Flicted, would appreciate an analysis of the ethical issues, with a recommendation supported by reasons.
Worry about enhancement? Why not worry instead about a vacation? Enhancement, after all, is something we seek for ourselves and think others should too. As a society, we applaud individuals who exercise to extend their lives, be thinner, and if not more successful, at least happier. We praise parents who do everything in their power to enhance their children's cognitive and physical development. Medical interventions exist everywhere, profoundly within the realm of cosmetic surgery, which is one of the fastest growing fields of medicine. Millions of women flock to plastic surgeons to have their faces lifted, breasts "enhanced" or their stomach "tucked". Thus, why would anyone worry about a peptide hormone that stimulates growth? Altogether, the phrase "enhancement technologies" is in essence somewhat misleading. The phrase instead could be composed as "health technology", and school systems, little leagues, pro leagues and the US Anti Doping Agency would not raise the ethical dilemma. .
The distinction between treatment, and enhancement is quite difficult to discern as to what category falls outside the realm of medicine's responsibilities.