In Turkey, the main influence on society is religion: "99% of the inhabitants are Muslim" (Carkoglu and Toprak, 2006) with Islam being the second largest religion in the world. The remaining 1% is composed of Christians and Jews, this illustrates that the Turkish culture is comparatively different to the UK where the majority are Christians. "59.3% of the resident population in the UK identify as Christian" (ONS, 2011) although religion is not practiced as much anymore in Britain due to it becoming a more multicultural society where secularism is promoted to create a fair and more equal society. "Everyone is equal before the law, regardless of religion, belief or non-belief" (NSS, 2014). However, Turkey is very patriotic where the people are devoted to their country and this is encouraged from a young age.
Social organization involves how people in a given society are categorized, i.e. gender or social class. For example, the functionalists' theory of socialization is that society is structured by a value consensus, which is an agreement of shared beliefs and values. This demonstrates that religion strengthens the value consensus in Turkey as it unifies society. Marxist theorist Karl Marx (1971) devised the conflict theory which suggests there is inequality between two main social classes, the bourgeoisie, who are the upper ruling class, and the proletariat who are the working class. "Capitalists exploit their workers by paying them less in wages than the wealth created by their work" (Holburn and Langley, 2004, p.2). The Turkish working class have to work long hours for a very low wage resulting in a lot of poverty and there is a bigger class divide between upper and lower class whereas Britain now has a broader middle working class system. As of August 23, 2014, the proportion of the population below the poverty line in Turkey is 16.9% whereas in the UK it is 14% (CIA, 2014).
His achievements in Turkey are an enduring monument to Ataturk. ... At the end of August 1922, the Turkish armies won their ultimate victory. ... In July 1923, the national government signed the Lausanne Treaty with Great Britain, France, Greece, Italy, and others. In mid-October, Ankara became the capital of the new Turkish State. ... October 29, 1923 is a fateful date in Turkish history. ...
The Armenian Holocaust was the first genocide of the twentieth century; it decimated the Armenian Christians inhabiting Turkey and accounted for almost ten percent of Turkey's population at that time. ... With these acts of laziness came the advent of a new young Turkish government known as the Young Turks. Much like the National Socialist of pre-World War II, this new group of Turks strove toward a more nationalistic and unified Turkish Empire. ... Once the new Turkish Parliament devised a constitution, the Armenians abandoned their political parties in favor of this parliamentary syste...
Pushed forward by Great Britain, Greek troops landed in Smyrna in May of 1919. ... This speech goaded the Greek Prime Minister into a war with Turkey. ... However, it was too difficult to resist the temptation that the British Prime Minister was offering. ... Although the King's forces pushed all the way into central Turkey, the Greek troops outstretched their supply and under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, Turkey forced Greece back to Smyrna where 30,000 Greeks and Armenians were massacred. ... Nationalism still defines the culture and religion of the Greek people, and they still d...
Another example is France, a country which colonized many areas of the North Africa and Asia (though the Asian areas were taken over by British in a series of battles with the French). 14 countries are still forced by France to pay colonial tax since their independence till today. ... When Africa was colonized and new immigrants came to the country to settle down, there came a gradual amalgamation of the different cultures, traditions and values, crumbling the ethnicities of the people present there. ... This is a perversion." - British Prime Minister David Cameron. ... Another example is Turk...
The Balkan peninsula was that of great importance due to its territorial and economic significance; however, the Balkan States consisted of many proud ethnic cultures who did not wish to be ruled by any authority other than themselves. ... Britain agreed to the unification of Eastern Rumelia and Bulgaria and the Balkan States again gained more power through their nationalistic ideologies. Religious tensions in Crete added to the possibility of war with a revolt in 1897 against Turkey. Due to the murders of both Muslims and Christians on the island, Crete and Greece declared war on Turkey. ....
The Turkish appointed governor, Muhammad Ali, took major steps in modeling Egypt's agriculture and military after European standards. ... As prime minister of the British Cape Colony, he forced British rule on a large portion of the republics. ... Accepting defeat, many turned their attention to preserving traditions and culture. Others realized that the ways of the West were more prudent and adopted European cultures and societies, such as Ismail in Egypt. ... Critics questioned imperialism's capitalist motives, disregard for non-European tradition and culture, and lack of domes...
It seemed that her ally France and (after 1907) her friend Britain might be the only restraining influences on her ambitions. ... But the political nature of the Austro-Hungarian empire also served to complicate relations in the Balkans, for the Hungarian (Magyar) component of the empire continued to oppress the subject peoples of Serb, Slovene and related ethnic background by attempts to "Magyarize" them through the suppression of their own indigenous cultures in favor of the supremacy of the Hungarian language and institutions. ... Agitation reached boiling-point in 1912 when the Balkan sta...
However, it has also been a bridge for many cultures and new civilizations. ... The 1890's were the beginning of the Turkish movement towards their Pan-Turkic empire. ... Today, the Turkish Government still denies the occurrence of the Armenian Genocide. ... The representatives of the British, French, Russian, German, and Austrian governments, which, at that time, were all major powers, condemned the genocide. ... Although Turkey did agree to let the United States draw a border between the newly born Republic of Armenia and the Turkish government, it is not of a physical separation ...
Kurdish society was well underway of developing a political culture but this was disbanded by the redistribution of their county at the end of the first World War. ... It is completely separate of Semitic Arabic and Altic Turkish.14 This evidence of substantial population and a language different than those of the regions around them, show that Kurdistan and the Kurds are a separate entity from the overlaying countries of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and the former Soviet Union, and should be treated as such. ... They were expected to learn the language of the new state in whi...