Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior (Google). Morality is a focal point of most successful societies, however there is dissent amongst many on what function it should play. Hobbes and Locke both have differing opinions on how humans are made up and the role of other factors in each society. Human nature is at the basis of it all, but each disagrees on how humans are wired. Throughout this paper I will look at each respective philosopher's moral requirements in the state of nature, and then discern which theories would be most beneficial to forming a successful societal framework. .
Before I assess each of their viewpoints, I'll provide how they define certain aspects, starting with the state of nature. Locke believes in natural law and equal justice among each and every citizen regardless. "The state of Nature has a law of Nature to govern it, which obliges every one, and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind that no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions" (Locke, 451). This defines Locke's moral logic, if nature has allowed individuals to be independent and fend for themselves, they must be allowed to do that in a society as a result. This is a moral fact and more important than being bonded to another individual. To exist in a society with other people, Locke believes you need to be an individual, yet be cautious of society and be willing to exchange some rights. "A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more power than another, there being nothing more" (Locke, 452) The quote stresses the importance of equal opportunity for each member of society, and fair treatment, a focal point for the morality of the society is that no one person is treated better or with special care. Locke believes that in order to secure certain powers, a form of government/authority must be present in society.