The reason man desires peace is for fear of death, things that are necessary for living, and obtaining those things. Hobbes closes out the chapter by saying that this war-like society is called the laws of nature. .
Many well-known philosophers agree that morality puts limits on individual conduct; however, they do not agree with how those limits relate to a persons goals. Immanual Kant, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich Nietzsche and Thomas Hobbes all have opinions on morality and its limitations, and they voice their opinions in their respective essays about morality. Immanual Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that fundamental concepts structure human experience, and that reason is the source of morality. In one of his well-known works, "Groundwork for a Metaphysics of Morals, " Kant's goal is to develop a clearer understanding of moral principles, so that people may better avert distractions. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a British philosopher who is regarded as the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century. His work, "Utilitarianism " was written to provide support for the value of utilitarianism as a moral theory, and to respond to misconceptions about it. His theory defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. (page 7)" In the essay, Mill argues that happiness is the sole basis of morality, and that people never desire anything but happiness. This makes his theory morally binding and if society were to act in this way people would have to internalize utilitarianism standards. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher who wrote several critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science.