In an attempt to show a degree of understanding of this reaction, the above diagram has been constructed and split into four steps to illustrate how butan-1-ol' functional group reacted with acetic anhydride to produce butyl acetate. This has been described in three stages however this reaction happens constantly in order to modify the structure of the ester. This is also known as a substitution reaction.
The reaction involves the two reagents, the first being Butanol which consists of a functional group O-H which is prone to change in order to form a product with more stable chemical properties. The oxygen in this functional group is electronegative dense, meaning when reacting with anhydride which is the second reagent it can harvest more electrons. The weaker bond in the anhydride which is C-O is broken the carbon reforms its 4 carbon bond structure with oxygen leaving the hydrogen to attach to the (CH3COO "H") the oxygen has formed a 2 bond structure and the hydrogen has restored it single bond. The whole reaction is known as an electrophilic substitution reaction where by an ester id formed from the reaction between an acid and alcohol therefore producing it's by product. (Acetic acid). .
It is important to highlight the fact that Butan-1-ol which would normally be classified as the "R" was not involved in the reaction but got carried along as a "passenger".
The aim of the experiment was to calculate the theoretical yield from start to finish. .
Method.
A method and guided procedure was provided in the Chemistry Practical Programme booklet. Pages 21-23: "The preparation of an organic liquid/ester" & "Further purification".
Whilst preceding with the method a catastrophic error occurred during the "washing steps" the pressure created inside the reaction vessel proved to be quite strong resulting in the failure to carry on with the rest of the method.
Like everything else there is a purpose for the four methods of water purification. ... Filtration is the second step in our purification process. ... Distillation is the process that the group used next. ... Phase separation is the last phase of water purification. ... The method that our group has decided upon to clean our town's water is by extraction, filtration, distillation, and phase separation. ...
In distillation, water is boiled to produce water vapor. ... It contains no salts and nutrients. 99.9% pure water is obtained from distillation. In the preparation of deionized water, ions are removed using ion exchange chromatography. ... Ion exchange chromatography is quicker than distillation and has a greater percent recovery. ... However, it is more expensive than distillation and deionization. ...
Preparation of exo-exo-5,6-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo by Using a Diels-Alder Reaction Introduction: The Diels-Alder reaction is essentially a cycloaddition reaction in which an alkene adds to a 1,3-diene to form a 6-membered ring. ... To keep from the formation of too much carboxylic acid or alcohol, one must add excess reactant or remove some ester product, to push the reaction to produce more ester. ... Next, the ring was opened, creating a half ester. This means the functional groups are one ester and one carboxylic acid. ... This negatively charged oxygen grabs the ext...
Before bonding biomaterials we have to keep in mind that these parts are going to take place in a hostile environment. They may need surface pretreatments. Surface pretreatments may involve cleaning or etching process to remove contaminants and expose wettable surfaces and may require the applicat...
Steam Distillation Materials used: 20mL of water 20mL of turpentine Boiling chips Procedure: First the steam distillation apparatus was constructed. ... Distilled water was put in the separatory funnel to replace the water that would be lost during distillation. ...
Water purification is the process of taking contaminated water and putting it through a cycle that will end up cleaning and sterilizing it. ... What many people don't know or don't really care to think about, are the pros, cons, and cost of each choice of purification systems. Four specific purification systems are activated charcoal filters, ozone and ultraviolet light purification, and chlorination. ...
The chemical name for the compound he discovered was called as acetylsalicylic acid, an ester of salicylic acid. ... Esterification is the process of combining an organic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to form an ester (RCOOR) and water. 3. ... When a carboxylic acid such as salicylic acid reacts with an alcohol (or a phenol) in the presence of a strong acid, an ester is formed. ... Dry hydrogen chloride gas is used in some cases, but these tend to involve aromatic esters (ones containing a benzene ring). ... Procedure 4.1 Preparation of Aspirin 1. ...
Imagery in "Distillation- The imagery in Hugo Martinez-Serros's short story "Distillation- creates a vivid description of the difficult obstacles this family overcomes in order to survive. For example, the visual images of, "Far beyond the fence, their smoking stacks thrust into the sky, the steel...
Chromium(II) acetate hydrate is a relatively stable chromium(II) compound, which rate of oxidation is relatively slow allowing less elaborate precautions for oxygen that other chromous preparations demand4. ... Experimental Section Preparation of Reaction Apparatus A Buchner flask is fitted with a dropping funnel using a two-holed rubber stopper. ... Preparation of Chromium(II) Acetate Hydrate 12g mossy zinc is dissolved into a solution of 3g chromium(III) chloride and 10mL water in the Buchner flask, which is fully assembled. ... The two smaller peaks at 1154 and 1030cm-1 correspond t...