Principles of Management - - Henry Fayol

            Henry Fayol suggested 14 principles of management as explained:.
             Division Of Work: Division of work means dividing the total work into small convenient components and giving each component to one employee. This brings specialisation and enables people to concentrate effectively on the assigned responsibility. This improves performance, ability and accuracy in the work.
             Authority and Responsibility: Authority should be equal to responsibility. These two terms are integral aspects of the managerial process AND inter-related as responsibility is the corollary of authority. Those who have authority to give orders must be willing to accept responsibility for the results. Responsibility arises when the authority is used and hence authority and responsibility cannot be separated.
             Discipline: Discipline is the obedience and outward mark of respect shown by an employee. Fayol considers that discipline is absolutely essential for smooth and orderly running of a business unit. For proper discipline, attention needs to be given to good supervision,fair agreements and judicious use of Penalty.
             Unity Of Command: Fayol has recommended the principle of Unity Of Command to avoid the disorder at all hierarchial levels of an organisation. A dual command is always dangerous, it brings discipline in danger and orders are not properly respected. Hence, subordinates should get orders from only one supervisor.
             Unity Of Direction: Unity Of Direction means there should be one head and one plan for the whole organisation. This avoids duplication of directives and possible confusion. For the achievement of organisational objectives, co-ordination and unity of action is very essential to avoid deviation.
             Subordination Of Individual Interest To General Interest: In this principle it is rightly suggested that the general of the organisation is more important than the interest of one or group of employees. It can be achieved by, a superior setting good example to his subordinates, fair agreements with their employees and continuous supervision on employees.