Rules and Guidelines of the Olympic Games

They form the foundation of the training plan." (Hiserman, 2009). This lays in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS must be able to adjust to the way the body moves when sprinting at record speeds. Athletes also need their PNS to develop more motor units and the way this is done is by developing a way to recruit more fast twitch motor units so that more power will occur and more activation of the motor units. (Hiserman, 2009) During high energy sports type IIa muscle fibers are activated at an increased rate. These types of muscle fibers have a high oxidative and glycolytic capacity. When sprinters run at extreme high rates, they recruit type IIb muscle fibers which require a high demand for ATP provision from glycolysis and phosphagen breakdown. This inner working of the human body leads to high lactate production. This leaves power athletes with a high energy production pathway that can utilize carbohydrates, phosphagen, and fat to manage higher intensity events, like sprinting. (Stellingwerff, Maughan, Burke, 2011) Carbohydrate oxidation is where sprinters get the majority of their ATP because they tend to train about 75% of their VO2 max. (Stellingwerff, Maughan, Burke, 2011).
             From a training standpoint, the year has to be broken down into specific training periods. There are different training techniques involved when in season, when out of season, and right before competition. "Off-season training usually involves a considerable commitment to weight training, with about one-third of the total training load being carried out in the gym. Coaches must also focus on neuromuscular coordination. It is vital to train strength and power in combination with coordination, as well as build a strong core to stabilize the pelvis and trunk involved in proper sprint mechanics. In addition, it is vital that Core Strength Development be integrated into the entire plan so that the postural demands of pelvic and trunk stabilization necessary for efficient sprint mechanics can be mastered.