Taking Control of Asthma

            
             Asthma is an inflammatory disease, which affects the bronchial tubes of the lungs. Due to widespread narrowing and inflaming of the airways, people with asthma will have sensitive to the airways. This can result in experiencing of wheezing, struggling to breathe, tight feeling in the chest and coughing (Brown. D et al.2012). People with asthma attack have manifested when they inhale triggers that include infection, allergens, exercise, pollens and irritants (Garvan Institute 2013). These triggers have contributed to the primary pathophysiology processes in asthma. There are two pathophysiology processes that consist the early-phase response and the late-phase response (Brown. D et al.2012). In the early-phase process, Immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is a type of antibody produced by body, binds the mast cell. The mast cell contains particular receptors, which IgE can fit in. Then, two adjacent linked of IgE antibodies are located around the mast cell; the allergens are attached to both of cross-linking IgEs. As a sequence, the mast cell releases histamine, and other inflammatory substances, which is called mediators. These mediators will constrict the bronchial smooth muscle and increase mucus secretion resulted in bronchoconstriction (Brown. D et al.2012, pp. 676). Therefore, the patients normally experience unpleasant ways of symptom such as wheezing, itchy eyes and having trouble in breathe. This process is ordinary occurred within 30-60 minutes after initial exposure. .
             The late-phase process involves the epithelial cells and the immune cells which known as eosinophil. These cells will release more inflammatory mediators and can endure for 24 hours. The late-phase is concurring as the early-phase. However, during the late-phase process, the patients tend to be more severe in congestion or other mediators than the early-phase (Brown. D et al.2012, pp. 677). Asthma affects everyone differently with distinctive physical symptoms and triggers.