.
Two forces determine the extent to which solution will occur: .
1. Force of attraction between H2O molecules and the ions of the solid.
This force tends to bring ions into solution. If this is the predominant factor, then the compound may be highly.
soluble in water. .
2. Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
This force tends to keep the ions in the solid state. When it is a predominant factor, then water solubility may.
be very low.
Solubility Rules - (a set of generalizations that are based upon experimentation).
- All nitrates are soluble.
- All chlorides are soluble except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, and PbCl2.
- All carbonates are insoluble except NH4+ and those of the Group 1 elements.
- All hydroxides are insoluble except those of the Group 1 elements.
1. Sucrose is a simple carbohydrate and is classified as a disaccharide (two sugar molecules). Sucrose is formed by the dehydration of a fructose and glucose sugar unit (dehydration reaction). Sucrose is classified as a polar molecules, resulting in the dissolution in water.
2. Sodium Chloride is an ionic compound consisting of ionic bonds which allow it be easily soluble in water because of the separation of positive and negative charges acting on the compound.
3. Iodine is the most electropositive halogen and the least reactive of the halogens even if it can still form compounds with many elements. It is so reactive because it only needs one more electron in order to be octet. Iodine dissolves in some solvents (such as carbon tetrachloride) and it is insoluble in water.
4. Starch is a polysaccharide comprised of glucose monomers (amylose and amylopectin) that is insoluble in cold water, alcohol, or other solvents as a result of the thousands of bonds in the polysaccharide units that need to be broken.
5. Copper Carbonate when decomposed releases carbon dioxide and produces calcium carbonate. Copper carbonate decomposes at 290 °C, releasing carbon dioxide and leaving copper oxide.
Mashing is the hot water soaking process that provides the right conditions for the enzymes to convert the grain starches into fermentable sugars. ... Specialty malts do not need to be mashed, and can simply be steeped in hot water to release their character. ...
Learning Object Info: Lesson Highlight: Topic 1 - The Scientific Method Type: HTML Submitted By: Randall Warwick Lesson Highlight: Topic 2 - Fundamentals of Chemistry Fundamentals of Chemistry When I think of the material things in the world, I like to think of that stuff as substance. ... Substance is anything that occupies space and has mass. Substances are diverse: air, water, rock and wood are all substances. Most substances can be broken down into other substances by chemical means. Any substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means is ca...
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2000: Conductive polymers Contents Prize motivation 1 Conductive polymers - a surprising discovery 1 What is electrical conductivity? ... 3 Conductive polymers - the story 4 Applications of conductive polymers 5 Synthesis and processing 6 Mechanism of polymer conductivity - role of doping 6 Molecular electron-transfer theory 11 Electroluminescent polymers - second-generation conductive polymers 13 From silicon physics to molecular electronics 14 References and further reading 15 Prize motivation The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to...