The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 4 system is based on the non-Kraepelinian model where disorders are seen as independent from one another. Categories of mental disorders are based on observable, phenotypic features rather than etiologies and neurobiological factors (Brown & Barlow, 2009; Watson, 2005). The DSMs categorical approach to disorders brings up questions about the validity of these categories. In the DSM 4, psychopathology is organized into general diagnostic classes of specific disorders and diagnostic subtypes. This type of classification of disorders has been used in numerous editions of the DSM. Researchers have recognized the limitations in using the categorical approach. Researchers started focussing on incorporating a dimensional system for assessing psychopathology in 2005. (McGlinchey & Zimmerman, 2007).There is not enough data that supports the non-Kraepelinian, categorical approach of mood and anxiety disorders. However, we have enough data to argue that a dimensional model is more theory driven and based on advanced knowledge of psychopathology. .
There has been a big dispute of the conceptualization of mood and anxiety disorders. Watson's quantitative dimensional model should apply to anxiety and depression. While the DSM of mood and anxiety disorders hold great reliability (Brown & Barlow, 2009), the current categorical grouping lacks empirical evidence based on validity. Another issue is the excessive comorbidity (Watson, 2005) between mood and anxiety disorders which leads to an improper diagnosis of the patients. The use of the exclusion rule in diagnosing patients also causes a distortion in diagnosis where one disorder is overdiagnosed and the other disorder is underdiagnosed. Not otherwise specified diagnoses for depression and anxiety is another issue that the categorical approach brings up but cannot explain. In the DSM, mood and anxiety disorders are split into subcategories.
In the dimension of sensuality, some are more sensual than other people are. ... Anxiety or depression from any cause may result in problems with sex. ... This anxiety has been compounded by both if the two dominants contemporary approached toward sex. The approach considers sex as unspeakable subject. ... Another area of anxiety concerns the sexual equipment. ...
According to Abnormal Psychology and Life: A Dimensional Approach (Kearney & Trull, 2012), "the biological model focuses on internal physical structures related to mental disorder'. ... According to Abnormal Psychology and Life: A Dimensional Approach, (Kearney & Trull, 2012) the DSM-IV-TR is a primary method for classifying abnormal behavior and mental disorders. ... According to Abnormal Psychology and Life: A Dimensional Approach (Kearney & Trull, 2012), worry is more cognitive in nature, but anxiety has three (3) key parts: physical feelings, thoughts and behaviors. ... Accordin...
There are four different approaches to understand personality. They are psychoanalytic and pschodynamic, phenomenological, learning and trait approaches. This paper concentrates on the trait approach. ... Illustrative states are anxiety, depression, fatigue, arousal, and curiosity. ... It is hypothesized that individual differences along the dimension have both hereditary and environmental origins. ...
Excesses and deficiencies in levels of these neurotransmitters have been associated with depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia (Personality, 2001). ... The second dimension is extraversion-introversion. ... This dimension, too, is found in everyone, but the physiological explanation is a bit more complex. ... Anxiety (Neuroticism) QIII. ... Making use of several approaches helps to form a broad view of the person. ...
Excesses and deficiencies in levels of these neurotransmitters have been associated with depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia (Personality, 2001). ... The second dimension is extraversion-introversion. ... This dimension, too, is found in everyone, but the physiological explanation is a bit more complex. ... Anxiety (Neuroticism) QIII. ... Making use of several approaches helps to form a broad view of the person. ...
Comprehensive approach to the study of human psychology normal or abnormal must have different perspectives in an effort to better explain the complex phenomena. ... Depressions, for example, frequently accompany significant physical illnesses, in part because illnesses painfully remind us of the limits of our control over our lives. ... General Psychological factors in Health and Disease: Research has shown that depression and anxiety can increase the risk of cancer. ...
Contrary to popular belief, stress is not only synonymous with tension or anxiety. ... He or she will be able to realize and understand what circumstances are stressful and what action should be taken to develop different approaches in dealing with these situations. ... For example, in the spiritual dimension of the body, stress could managed by techniques such as meditation. ... In the physical dimension, frequent exercise is one of the best physical stress-reduction techniques available. ... If a person takes a positive approach to life, trying to look for the good side to every situati...
Leon Chaitow, a practicing osteopath in the United Kingdom and a firm supporter of the min/body medicine movement said "A holistic approach is vital as we evaluate the complex interacting elements involved in the causation and maintenance of many health problems- (The Stress Confidential Helpline, 2001). ... The amygdale, part of the limbic system, sets a person's emotional temperature, especially for fear, anger, and anxiety based on signals from the cortex, which draws on memories, learned behaviours, and conscious thoughts. ... The mind/body dimension of health care involves patients&#...
Various Research Methodologies Used The concept of personality, self concept and psychographics have different approaches to identifying individual differences in consumer behaviour. ... There are two distinct approaches to personality that are used by the consumer researchers the psychoanalytic theory approach and the trait theory approach. ... The trait approach is useful to marketers if the measured personality characteristics have direct relevance to the specific buying behaviour being investigated. ... A new approach has been developed by John Mowen called 3M model of motivation and ...