Where reserves have been established there are up to 150 native plant species. The main threat to their survival is the proliferation of introduced weeds. The most distinctive features of natural urban and rural Auckland are the crimson-flowering pohutukawa that cling to the coastal clifftops, the broadleaf forest in the gullies, and mangroves in the tidal swamps.
The first Europeans who arrived in Auckland saw pockets of forest and tracts of bracken, manuka and kanuka growing in association with the cabbage trees. Settlers introduced an extraordinary range of plants for food and shelter. Among the trees were North American Radiata pine and Macrocarpa, Asian camellias and citrus, Australian eucalyptus, and English oaks and elms. Auckland's climate produces lush growth, and its vines, nikau palms, hibiscus and ferns create a tropical atmosphere. (Cameron, Heyward and Murdoch, 2008).
D) Ecosystem Fragmentation:.
As habitats are fragmented and vulnerable species become restricted to sites. The Auckland region there are several offshore islands that are being progressively cleared of mammalian pests and a set of mainland forest patches within an agricultural and urban matrix. The extent to which pest management at such sites generates ˜spill over' benefits across fragmented landscapes remains an open question. Farms and agricultural areas, forests are increasingly cleared for industrial and developmental activities. Auckland is also getting low on space for human inhabitation. Industrial progression may become a hinderance for human settlement.
E) Urban and Suburban Areas.
The urban and the suburban area of Auckland differ from each other in many aspects such as the geography, landscape and fauna. The difference can also be seen in the culture and diversity in the Urban and Suburban areas. The diversity of this can be seen from the fact that areas like the North Shore, Parnell Epsom, Auckland CBD are some of the well progressed areas.