The Hutu murdered Tutsis, the estimated dead was around 800,000. The racial tensions were partly due to Belgian colonialism that racially defined the two groups separately. .
8. Political Islam.
N/A.
9. Apartheid.
The rise of the Apartheid system in South Africa occurred after WWII. There was segregation between the blacks and the whites in the country. Some laws during this time were the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, and the Population Registration Act of 1950 which made racial classification legal. Another act of the Apartheid system was the Bantu Education Act of 1953 which created separate educational systems. There were other acts like these that took away the rights of the black Africans during the Apartheid system in South Africa. .
10. Poverty and Inequality in Post-Apartheid South Africa.
In Post-Apartheid South Africa in 1999 52% of Africans were poor and 95% of the poor were black. The ratio of white to black African incomes (on per capita basis) was still 9:1. There was even greater inequality among women in South Africa. Poverty rates among female African led households were 60% which is double that of male headed households. In 1995 only 17% of African women were in wage employment. .
11. The Rainbow Nation of South Africa.
This would be a South Africa that is multiracialism. In South Africa Nelson Mandela (May he rest in peace), uses the rainbow nation as what South Africa should strive to become. .
12. Cold War and Africa.
The Soviet Union and the United States fought over newly independent countries in Africa to have them in their spheres of influence. .
13. "Big Man Rule" in Africa.
Another name for this is neo patrimonialism. Politics in many areas is more personalized, less institutionalized, less restrained, highly opportunistic, unpredictable, risky and costly. This is a corrupt, autocratic and often totalitarian rule of a country by a single person. An example of a big man rule in Africa is King Mswati III in Swaziland.