Provide short answers, in not more than five lines each, to fifteen (15) of the following questions:.
Decolonization was achieved through a combination of armed struggle, negotiation, and UN brokered deals. An example of independence won through violence was the Algerian war. An example of UN brokered decolonization would be the ex-German & Italian colonies as well as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Also an example of negotiation would be the independence of the Sudan in 1956 and Ghana in 1957. .
2. The Economic Legacy of Colonialism in Brief.
The introduction and expansion of capitalist production (cash economy) in agriculture, mining and industry. Another legacy is the industrialization of Africa. Another legacy is the provision of an infrastructure of roads, railways, harbors and telephone and telegraph lines in African countries. Another legacy is that women were able to have more access to education. Also another economic legacy is the urbanization of Africa after WWII.
3. Pan-Africanism.
The movement to fight the end of native culture, ways, religion and language. There was a desire to education of Africans. It's also the rise of African nationalism.
4. Ethnic Nationalism in Africa.
Nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry. .
5. The Meaning of the Ethnic State in Africa.
In the 1990's there is the rise of an ethnic state in Africa. There is the rise of politicized ethnicity (ethnic political parties). They struggle for the interests of their particular ethnic community. An example of this is in Ethiopia where political power is distributed based on ethnic groups. There is also the rise of ethnic militia's violence such as in Rwanda. .
6. Civic nationalism in Africa.
National NOT ethnic identities in Africa. You are a part of a state. Rwandan not just Hutu. .
7. The Rwandan Genocide.
The Rwandan Genocide started in 1994 after racial tensions between the Hutus elite and the Tutsi minority escaladed.