Muslims - Past and Present

            In the eighth century, a new Muslim kingdom was established by the Umayyad in Spain. Cordoba, the capital city of the kingdom, became the centre of intellectual life. In this flourishing time, Muslims were known for their love of knowledge and books. Then during the Abbasid era, House of Wisdom was established in Baghdad, where scholars from different parts of the world translated books into Arabic, Greek, Persian and Indian languages. No one can deny that Muslims contributed to various fields of human knowledge. Science, medicine and geography are all thankful to Muslims, who were interested in these studies. Muslim scholars made great changes in math. It was developed by Muslims that was called Algebra. Al-Khwarizmi is the man who stood for the formation of this science. Numbers are written from right to left that shows Muslims' influence on this field. Numbers were created by Muslims, and it was said that shapes of these numbers depend on the numbers of angles. .
             Muslims had great achievement in physics, which was encountered by muslims through the works of Aristotle, Euclid, Ptolemy and others. Ibn Al-Haytham, who is known in the west as Alhazen, was considered the first theoretical physicist. He developed this science and added more information and discoveries than other scientists. He concentrated on the study of light. He wanted to understand what light is, how it works, and how humans see objects. He is the one who discovered that light travels in a straight line and that the speed of light is finite. He published his book Book of Optics, where he stated his famous vision theory that every point on the object being viewed emits rays of light that travel to the viewer's eye. He is well known over the world for being the scientist who formed the basis of modern physical optics.
             Jabir Ibn Hayyan, the father of Arab chemistry, is the Muslim scientist who laid the foundations of chemistry.